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        點(diǎn)贊模塊設(shè)計(jì) - Redis緩存 + 定時(shí)寫入數(shù)據(jù)庫實(shí)現(xiàn)高性能點(diǎn)贊功能

        共 16702字,需瀏覽 34分鐘

         ·

        2022-01-22 15:55

        來源:https://juejin.cn/post/6844903703690870798


        點(diǎn)贊是作為整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)小模塊,代碼在 user-service 用戶服務(wù)下。


        本文基于 SpringCloud, 用戶發(fā)起點(diǎn)贊、取消點(diǎn)贊后先存入 Redis 中,再每隔兩小時(shí)從 Redis 讀取點(diǎn)贊數(shù)據(jù)寫入數(shù)據(jù)庫中做持久化存儲(chǔ)。


        點(diǎn)贊功能在很多系統(tǒng)中都有,但別看功能小,想要做好需要考慮的東西還挺多的。

        點(diǎn)贊、取消點(diǎn)贊是高頻次的操作,若每次都讀寫數(shù)據(jù)庫,大量的操作會(huì)影響數(shù)據(jù)庫性能,所以需要做緩存。


        至于多久從 Redis 取一次數(shù)據(jù)存到數(shù)據(jù)庫中,根據(jù)項(xiàng)目的實(shí)際情況定吧,我是暫時(shí)設(shè)了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。


        項(xiàng)目需求需要查看都誰點(diǎn)贊了,所以要存儲(chǔ)每個(gè)點(diǎn)贊的點(diǎn)贊人、被點(diǎn)贊人,不能簡單的做計(jì)數(shù)。


        # Redis 緩存設(shè)計(jì)及實(shí)現(xiàn)


        1 Redis 安裝及運(yùn)行


        Redis 安裝請自行查閱相關(guān)教程。

        說下Docker 安裝運(yùn)行 Redis

        docker run -d -p 6379:6379 redis:4.0.8


        復(fù)制代碼如果已經(jīng)安裝了 Redis,打開命令行,輸入啟動(dòng) Redis 的命令

        redis-server


        2 Redis 與 SpringBoot 項(xiàng)目的整合


        1、在 pom.xml 中引入依賴

        <dependency>    <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redisartifactId>dependency>


        2、在啟動(dòng)類上添加注釋 @EnableCaching

        @SpringBootApplication@EnableDiscoveryClient@EnableSwagger2@EnableFeignClients(basePackages = "com.solo.coderiver.project.client")@EnableCachingpublic class UserApplication {

        public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(UserApplication.class, args); }}


        3、編寫 Redis 配置類 RedisConfig

        import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.PropertyAccessor;import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnMissingBean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate;import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer;

        import java.net.UnknownHostException;



        @Configurationpublic class RedisConfig {

        @Bean @ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = "redisTemplate") public RedisTemplate redisTemplate( RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) throws UnknownHostException {

        Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer jackson2JsonRedisSerializer = new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer(Object.class); ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper(); om.setVisibility(PropertyAccessor.ALL, JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY); om.enableDefaultTyping(ObjectMapper.DefaultTyping.NON_FINAL); jackson2JsonRedisSerializer.setObjectMapper(om);

        RedisTemplate template = new RedisTemplate(); template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory); template.setKeySerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer); template.setValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer); template.setHashKeySerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer); template.setHashValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer); template.afterPropertiesSet(); return template; }



        @Bean @ConditionalOnMissingBean(StringRedisTemplate.class) public StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate( RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) throws UnknownHostException { StringRedisTemplate template = new StringRedisTemplate(); template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory); return template; }}


        至此 Redis 在 SpringBoot 項(xiàng)目中的配置已經(jīng)完成,可以愉快的使用了。


        3 Redis 的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)類型


        Redis 可以存儲(chǔ)鍵與5種不同數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)類型之間的映射,這5種數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)類型分別為String(字符串)、List(列表)、Set(集合)、Hash(散列)和 Zset(有序集合)。


        下面來對這5種數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)類型作簡單的介紹:



        4 點(diǎn)贊數(shù)據(jù)在 Redis 中的存儲(chǔ)格式


        用 Redis 存儲(chǔ)兩種數(shù)據(jù),一種是記錄點(diǎn)贊人、被點(diǎn)贊人、點(diǎn)贊狀態(tài)的數(shù)據(jù),另一種是每個(gè)用戶被點(diǎn)贊了多少次,做個(gè)簡單的計(jì)數(shù)。


        由于需要記錄點(diǎn)贊人和被點(diǎn)贊人,還有點(diǎn)贊狀態(tài)(點(diǎn)贊、取消點(diǎn)贊),還要固定時(shí)間間隔取出 Redis 中所有點(diǎn)贊數(shù)據(jù),分析了下 Redis 數(shù)據(jù)格式中 Hash 最合適。


        因?yàn)?Hash 里的數(shù)據(jù)都是存在一個(gè)鍵里,可以通過這個(gè)鍵很方便的把所有的點(diǎn)贊數(shù)據(jù)都取出。這個(gè)鍵里面的數(shù)據(jù)還可以存成鍵值對的形式,方便存入點(diǎn)贊人、被點(diǎn)贊人和點(diǎn)贊狀態(tài)。


        設(shè)點(diǎn)贊人的 id 為 likedPostId,被點(diǎn)贊人的 id 為 likedUserId ,點(diǎn)贊時(shí)狀態(tài)為 1,取消點(diǎn)贊狀態(tài)為 0。將點(diǎn)贊人 id 和被點(diǎn)贊人 id 作為鍵,兩個(gè) id 中間用 ::? 隔開,點(diǎn)贊狀態(tài)作為值。


        所以如果用戶點(diǎn)贊,存儲(chǔ)的鍵為:likedUserId::likedPostId,對應(yīng)的值為 1 。


        取消點(diǎn)贊,存儲(chǔ)的鍵為:likedUserId::likedPostId,對應(yīng)的值為 0 。


        取數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)把鍵用 :: 切開就得到了兩個(gè)id,也很方便。


        在可視化工具 RDM 中看到的是這樣子


        5 操作 Redis


        將具體操作方法封裝到了 RedisService 接口里

        RedisService.java
        import com.solo.coderiver.user.dataobject.UserLike;import com.solo.coderiver.user.dto.LikedCountDTO;

        import java.util.List;

        public interface RedisService {

        /** * 點(diǎn)贊。狀態(tài)為1 * @param likedUserId * @param likedPostId */ void saveLiked2Redis(String likedUserId, String likedPostId);

        /** * 取消點(diǎn)贊。將狀態(tài)改變?yōu)? * @param likedUserId * @param likedPostId */ void unlikeFromRedis(String likedUserId, String likedPostId);

        /** * 從Redis中刪除一條點(diǎn)贊數(shù)據(jù) * @param likedUserId * @param likedPostId */ void deleteLikedFromRedis(String likedUserId, String likedPostId);

        /** * 該用戶的點(diǎn)贊數(shù)加1 * @param likedUserId */ void incrementLikedCount(String likedUserId);

        /** * 該用戶的點(diǎn)贊數(shù)減1 * @param likedUserId */ void decrementLikedCount(String likedUserId);

        /** * 獲取Redis中存儲(chǔ)的所有點(diǎn)贊數(shù)據(jù) * @return */ List getLikedDataFromRedis();

        /** * 獲取Redis中存儲(chǔ)的所有點(diǎn)贊數(shù)量 * @return */ List getLikedCountFromRedis();

        }

        實(shí)現(xiàn)類 RedisServiceImpl.java

        import com.solo.coderiver.user.dataobject.UserLike;import com.solo.coderiver.user.dto.LikedCountDTO;import com.solo.coderiver.user.enums.LikedStatusEnum;import com.solo.coderiver.user.service.LikedService;import com.solo.coderiver.user.service.RedisService;import com.solo.coderiver.user.utils.RedisKeyUtils;import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.data.redis.core.Cursor;import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;import org.springframework.data.redis.core.ScanOptions;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

        import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;import java.util.Map;

        @Service@Slf4jpublic class RedisServiceImpl implements RedisService {

        @Autowired RedisTemplate redisTemplate;

        @Autowired LikedService likedService;

        @Override public void saveLiked2Redis(String likedUserId, String likedPostId) { String key = RedisKeyUtils.getLikedKey(likedUserId, likedPostId); redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(RedisKeyUtils.MAP_KEY_USER_LIKED, key, LikedStatusEnum.LIKE.getCode()); }

        @Override public void unlikeFromRedis(String likedUserId, String likedPostId) { String key = RedisKeyUtils.getLikedKey(likedUserId, likedPostId); redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(RedisKeyUtils.MAP_KEY_USER_LIKED, key, LikedStatusEnum.UNLIKE.getCode()); }

        @Override public void deleteLikedFromRedis(String likedUserId, String likedPostId) { String key = RedisKeyUtils.getLikedKey(likedUserId, likedPostId); redisTemplate.opsForHash().delete(RedisKeyUtils.MAP_KEY_USER_LIKED, key); }

        @Override public void incrementLikedCount(String likedUserId) { redisTemplate.opsForHash().increment(RedisKeyUtils.MAP_KEY_USER_LIKED_COUNT, likedUserId, 1); }

        @Override public void decrementLikedCount(String likedUserId) { redisTemplate.opsForHash().increment(RedisKeyUtils.MAP_KEY_USER_LIKED_COUNT, likedUserId, -1); }

        @Override public List getLikedDataFromRedis() { CursorObject, Object>> cursor = redisTemplate.opsForHash().scan(RedisKeyUtils.MAP_KEY_USER_LIKED, ScanOptions.NONE); List list = new ArrayList<>(); while (cursor.hasNext()){ Map.Entry<Object, Object> entry = cursor.next(); String key = (String) entry.getKey(); //分離出 likedUserId,likedPostId String[] split = key.split("::"); String likedUserId = split[0]; String likedPostId = split[1]; Integer value = (Integer) entry.getValue();

        //組裝成 UserLike 對象 UserLike userLike = new UserLike(likedUserId, likedPostId, value); list.add(userLike);

        //存到 list 后從 Redis 中刪除 redisTemplate.opsForHash().delete(RedisKeyUtils.MAP_KEY_USER_LIKED, key); }

        return list; }

        @Override public List getLikedCountFromRedis() { CursorObject, Object>> cursor = redisTemplate.opsForHash().scan(RedisKeyUtils.MAP_KEY_USER_LIKED_COUNT, ScanOptions.NONE); List list = new ArrayList<>(); while (cursor.hasNext()){ Map.Entry<Object, Object> map = cursor.next(); //將點(diǎn)贊數(shù)量存儲(chǔ)在 LikedCountDT String key = (String)map.getKey(); LikedCountDTO dto = new LikedCountDTO(key, (Integer) map.getValue()); list.add(dto); //從Redis中刪除這條記錄 redisTemplate.opsForHash().delete(RedisKeyUtils.MAP_KEY_USER_LIKED_COUNT, key); } return list; }}


        RedisKeyUtils, 用于根據(jù)一定規(guī)則生成 key

        public class RedisKeyUtils {

        //保存用戶點(diǎn)贊數(shù)據(jù)的key public static final String MAP_KEY_USER_LIKED = "MAP_USER_LIKED"; //保存用戶被點(diǎn)贊數(shù)量的key public static final String MAP_KEY_USER_LIKED_COUNT = "MAP_USER_LIKED_COUNT";

        /** * 拼接被點(diǎn)贊的用戶id和點(diǎn)贊的人的id作為key。格式 222222::333333 * @param likedUserId 被點(diǎn)贊的人id * @param likedPostId 點(diǎn)贊的人的id * @return */ public static String getLikedKey(String likedUserId, String likedPostId){ StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(); builder.append(likedUserId); builder.append("::"); builder.append(likedPostId); return builder.toString(); }}


        LikedStatusEnum 用戶點(diǎn)贊狀態(tài)的枚舉類
        package com.solo.coderiver.user.enums;

        import lombok.Getter;

        /** * 用戶點(diǎn)贊的狀態(tài) */@Getterpublic enum LikedStatusEnum { LIKE(1, "點(diǎn)贊"), UNLIKE(0, "取消點(diǎn)贊/未點(diǎn)贊"), ;

        private Integer code;

        private String msg;

        LikedStatusEnum(Integer code, String msg) { this.code = code; this.msg = msg; }}

        # 數(shù)據(jù)庫設(shè)計(jì)


        數(shù)據(jù)庫表中至少要包含三個(gè)字段:被點(diǎn)贊用戶id,點(diǎn)贊用戶id,點(diǎn)贊狀態(tài)。再加上主鍵id,創(chuàng)建時(shí)間,修改時(shí)間就行了。


        建表語句

        create table `user_like`(`id` int not null auto_increment,`liked_user_id` varchar(32) not null comment '被點(diǎn)贊的用戶id',`liked_post_id` varchar(32) not null comment '點(diǎn)贊的用戶id',`status` tinyint(1) default '1' comment '點(diǎn)贊狀態(tài),0取消,1點(diǎn)贊',`create_time` timestamp not null default current_timestamp comment '創(chuàng)建時(shí)間',  `update_time` timestamp not null default current_timestamp on update current_timestamp comment '修改時(shí)間',primary key(`id`),INDEX `liked_user_id`(`liked_user_id`),INDEX `liked_post_id`(`liked_post_id`)) comment '用戶點(diǎn)贊表';


        對應(yīng)的對象 UserLike

        import com.solo.coderiver.user.enums.LikedStatusEnum;import lombok.Data;

        import javax.persistence.Entity;import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;import javax.persistence.GenerationType;import javax.persistence.Id;

        /** * 用戶點(diǎn)贊表 */@Entity@Datapublic class UserLike {

        //主鍵id @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) private Integer id;

        //被點(diǎn)贊的用戶的id private String likedUserId;

        //點(diǎn)贊的用戶的id private String likedPostId;

        //點(diǎn)贊的狀態(tài).默認(rèn)未點(diǎn)贊 private Integer status = LikedStatusEnum.UNLIKE.getCode();

        public UserLike() { }

        public UserLike(String likedUserId, String likedPostId, Integer status) { this.likedUserId = likedUserId; this.likedPostId = likedPostId; this.status = status; }}


        # 數(shù)據(jù)庫操作


        操作數(shù)據(jù)庫同樣封裝在接口中

        LikedService
        import com.solo.coderiver.user.dataobject.UserLike;import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;

        import java.util.List;

        public interface LikedService {

        /** * 保存點(diǎn)贊記錄 * @param userLike * @return */ UserLike save(UserLike userLike);

        /** * 批量保存或修改 * @param list */ List saveAll(List list);



        /** * 根據(jù)被點(diǎn)贊人的id查詢點(diǎn)贊列表(即查詢都誰給這個(gè)人點(diǎn)贊過) * @param likedUserId 被點(diǎn)贊人的id * @param pageable * @return */ Page getLikedListByLikedUserId(String likedUserId, Pageable pageable);

        /** * 根據(jù)點(diǎn)贊人的id查詢點(diǎn)贊列表(即查詢這個(gè)人都給誰點(diǎn)贊過) * @param likedPostId * @param pageable * @return */ Page getLikedListByLikedPostId(String likedPostId, Pageable pageable);

        /** * 通過被點(diǎn)贊人和點(diǎn)贊人id查詢是否存在點(diǎn)贊記錄 * @param likedUserId * @param likedPostId * @return */ UserLike getByLikedUserIdAndLikedPostId(String likedUserId, String likedPostId);

        /** * 將Redis里的點(diǎn)贊數(shù)據(jù)存入數(shù)據(jù)庫中 */ void transLikedFromRedis2DB();

        /** * 將Redis中的點(diǎn)贊數(shù)量數(shù)據(jù)存入數(shù)據(jù)庫 */ void transLikedCountFromRedis2DB();

        }


        LikedServiceImpl 實(shí)現(xiàn)類

        import com.solo.coderiver.user.dataobject.UserInfo;import com.solo.coderiver.user.dataobject.UserLike;import com.solo.coderiver.user.dto.LikedCountDTO;import com.solo.coderiver.user.enums.LikedStatusEnum;import com.solo.coderiver.user.repository.UserLikeRepository;import com.solo.coderiver.user.service.LikedService;import com.solo.coderiver.user.service.RedisService;import com.solo.coderiver.user.service.UserService;import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

        import java.util.List;

        @Service@Slf4jpublic class LikedServiceImpl implements LikedService {

        @Autowired UserLikeRepository likeRepository;

        @Autowired RedisService redisService;

        @Autowired UserService userService;

        @Override @Transactional public UserLike save(UserLike userLike) { return likeRepository.save(userLike); }

        @Override @Transactional public List saveAll(List list) { return likeRepository.saveAll(list); }

        @Override public Page getLikedListByLikedUserId(String likedUserId, Pageable pageable) { return likeRepository.findByLikedUserIdAndStatus(likedUserId, LikedStatusEnum.LIKE.getCode(), pageable); }

        @Override public Page getLikedListByLikedPostId(String likedPostId, Pageable pageable) { return likeRepository.findByLikedPostIdAndStatus(likedPostId, LikedStatusEnum.LIKE.getCode(), pageable); }

        @Override public UserLike getByLikedUserIdAndLikedPostId(String likedUserId, String likedPostId) { return likeRepository.findByLikedUserIdAndLikedPostId(likedUserId, likedPostId); }

        @Override @Transactional public void transLikedFromRedis2DB() { List list = redisService.getLikedDataFromRedis(); for (UserLike like : list) { UserLike ul = getByLikedUserIdAndLikedPostId(like.getLikedUserId(), like.getLikedPostId()); if (ul == null){ //沒有記錄,直接存入 save(like); }else{ //有記錄,需要更新 ul.setStatus(like.getStatus()); save(ul); } } }

        @Override @Transactional public void transLikedCountFromRedis2DB() { List list = redisService.getLikedCountFromRedis(); for (LikedCountDTO dto : list) { UserInfo user = userService.findById(dto.getId()); //點(diǎn)贊數(shù)量屬于無關(guān)緊要的操作,出錯(cuò)無需拋異常 if (user != null){ Integer likeNum = user.getLikeNum() + dto.getCount(); user.setLikeNum(likeNum); //更新點(diǎn)贊數(shù)量 userService.updateInfo(user); } } }}


        數(shù)據(jù)庫的操作就這些,主要還是增刪改查。


        # 開啟定時(shí)任務(wù)持久化存儲(chǔ)到數(shù)據(jù)庫


        定時(shí)任務(wù) Quartz 很強(qiáng)大,就用它了。


        Quartz 使用步驟:


        1、添加依賴


        <dependency>    <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-quartzartifactId>dependency>


        2、編寫配置文件

        package com.solo.coderiver.user.config;

        import com.solo.coderiver.user.task.LikeTask;import org.quartz.*;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

        @Configurationpublic class QuartzConfig {

        private static final String LIKE_TASK_IDENTITY = "LikeTaskQuartz";

        @Bean public JobDetail quartzDetail(){ return JobBuilder.newJob(LikeTask.class).withIdentity(LIKE_TASK_IDENTITY).storeDurably().build(); }

        @Bean public Trigger quartzTrigger(){ SimpleScheduleBuilder scheduleBuilder = SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule()// .withIntervalInSeconds(10) //設(shè)置時(shí)間周期單位秒 .withIntervalInHours(2) //兩個(gè)小時(shí)執(zhí)行一次 .repeatForever(); return TriggerBuilder.newTrigger().forJob(quartzDetail()) .withIdentity(LIKE_TASK_IDENTITY) .withSchedule(scheduleBuilder) .build(); }}


        3、編寫執(zhí)行任務(wù)的類繼承自 QuartzJobBean


        package com.solo.coderiver.user.task;

        import com.solo.coderiver.user.service.LikedService;import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;import org.apache.commons.lang.time.DateUtils;import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.QuartzJobBean;

        import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;import java.util.Date;

        /** * 點(diǎn)贊的定時(shí)任務(wù) */@Slf4jpublic class LikeTask extends QuartzJobBean {

        @Autowired LikedService likedService;

        private SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");

        @Override protected void executeInternal(JobExecutionContext jobExecutionContext) throws JobExecutionException {

        log.info("LikeTask-------- {}", sdf.format(new Date()));

        //將 Redis 里的點(diǎn)贊信息同步到數(shù)據(jù)庫里 likedService.transLikedFromRedis2DB(); likedService.transLikedCountFromRedis2DB(); }}


        在定時(shí)任務(wù)中直接調(diào)用 LikedService 封裝的方法完成數(shù)據(jù)同步。


        以上就是點(diǎn)贊功能的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn),如有更好的實(shí)現(xiàn)方案歡迎在評論區(qū)交流…


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