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        兩難!到底用 Spring BeanUtils 還是 Apache BeanUtils?

        共 7752字,需瀏覽 16分鐘

         ·

        2020-08-17 16:35

        作者:pjmike

        原文鏈接(底部鏈接可直達(dá)):https://pjmike.github.io/2018/11/03/Bean%E6%98%A0%E5%B0%84%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E4%B9%8BApache-BeanUtils-VS-Spring-BeanUtils/


        前言

        在我們實(shí)際項(xiàng)目開發(fā)過程中,我們經(jīng)常需要將不同的兩個(gè)對(duì)象實(shí)例進(jìn)行屬性復(fù)制,從而基于源對(duì)象的屬性信息進(jìn)行后續(xù)操作,而不改變?cè)磳?duì)象的屬性信息,比如DTO數(shù)據(jù)傳輸對(duì)象和數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)象DO,我們需要將DO對(duì)象進(jìn)行屬性復(fù)制到DTO,但是對(duì)象格式又不一樣,所以我們需要編寫映射代碼將對(duì)象中的屬性值從一種類型轉(zhuǎn)換成另一種類型。

        這種轉(zhuǎn)換最原始的方式就是手動(dòng)編寫大量的 get/set代碼,當(dāng)然這是我們開發(fā)過程不愿意去做的,因?yàn)樗_實(shí)顯得很繁瑣。為了解決這一痛點(diǎn),就誕生了一些方便的類庫(kù),常用的有 apache的 BeanUtils,spring的 BeanUtils, Dozer,Orika等拷貝工具。這篇文章主要介紹 Apache的BeanUtils 與 Spring 的BeanUtils,其他框架后續(xù)文章再做介紹

        對(duì)象拷貝

        在具體介紹兩種 BeanUtils之前,先來補(bǔ)充一些基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。它們兩種工具本質(zhì)上就是對(duì)象拷貝工具,而對(duì)象拷貝又分為深拷貝和淺拷貝,下面進(jìn)行詳細(xì)解釋。


        什么是淺拷貝和深拷貝

        在Java中,除了 基本數(shù)據(jù)類型之外,還存在 類的實(shí)例對(duì)象這個(gè)引用數(shù)據(jù)類型,而一般使用 “=”號(hào)做賦值操作的時(shí)候,對(duì)于基本數(shù)據(jù)類型,實(shí)際上是拷貝的它的值,但是對(duì)于對(duì)象而言,其實(shí)賦值的只是這個(gè)對(duì)象的引用,將原對(duì)象的引用傳遞過去,他們實(shí)際還是指向的同一個(gè)對(duì)象。

        而淺拷貝和深拷貝就是在這個(gè)基礎(chǔ)上做的區(qū)分,如果在拷貝這個(gè)對(duì)象的時(shí)候,只對(duì)基本數(shù)據(jù)類型進(jìn)行了拷貝,而對(duì)引用數(shù)據(jù)類型只是進(jìn)行引用的傳遞,而沒有真實(shí)的創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的對(duì)象,則認(rèn)為是淺拷貝。反之,在對(duì)引用數(shù)據(jù)類型進(jìn)行拷貝的時(shí)候,創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)新的對(duì)象,并且復(fù)制其內(nèi)的成員變量,則認(rèn)為是深拷貝。

        簡(jiǎn)單來說:

        • 淺拷貝:對(duì)基本數(shù)據(jù)類型進(jìn)行值傳遞,對(duì)引用數(shù)據(jù)類型進(jìn)行引用傳遞般的拷貝,此為淺拷貝
        • 深拷貝:對(duì)基本數(shù)據(jù)類型進(jìn)行值傳遞,對(duì)引用數(shù)據(jù)類型,創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的對(duì)象,并復(fù)制其內(nèi)容,此為深拷貝。

        BeanUtils

        前面簡(jiǎn)單講了一下對(duì)象拷貝的一些知識(shí),下面就來具體看下兩種BeanUtils工具


        Apache 的 BeanUtils

        首先來看一個(gè)非常簡(jiǎn)單的BeanUtils的例子

        public?class?PersonSource??{
        ????private?Integer?id;
        ????private?String?username;
        ????private?String?password;
        ????private?Integer?age;
        ????//?getters/setters?omiited
        }
        public?class?PersonDest?{
        ????private?Integer?id;
        ????private?String?username;
        ????private?Integer?age;
        ????//?getters/setters?omiited
        }
        public?class?TestApacheBeanUtils?{
        ????public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?throws?InvocationTargetException,?IllegalAccessException?{
        ???????//下面只是用于單獨(dú)測(cè)試
        ????????PersonSource?personSource?=?new?PersonSource(1,?"pjmike",?"12345",?21);
        ????????PersonDest?personDest?=?new?PersonDest();
        ????????BeanUtils.copyProperties(personDest,personSource);
        ????????System.out.println("persondest:?"+personDest);
        ????}
        }
        persondest:?PersonDest{id=1,?username='pjmike',?age=21}

        從上面的例子可以看出,對(duì)象拷貝非常簡(jiǎn)單,BeanUtils最常用的方法就是:

        //將源對(duì)象中的值拷貝到目標(biāo)對(duì)象
        public?static?void?copyProperties(Object?dest,?Object?orig)?throws?IllegalAccessException,?InvocationTargetException?{
        ????BeanUtilsBean.getInstance().copyProperties(dest,?orig);
        }

        默認(rèn)情況下,使用org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils對(duì)復(fù)雜對(duì)象的復(fù)制是引用,這是一種淺拷貝

        但是由于 Apache下的BeanUtils對(duì)象拷貝性能太差,不建議使用,而且在阿里巴巴Java開發(fā)規(guī)約也明確指出:

        避免用Apache Beanutils進(jìn)行屬性的copy。

        commons-beantutils 對(duì)于對(duì)象拷貝加了很多的檢驗(yàn),包括類型的轉(zhuǎn)換,甚至還會(huì)檢驗(yàn)對(duì)象所屬的類的可訪問性,可謂相當(dāng)復(fù)雜,這也造就了它的差勁的性能,具體實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼如下:

        public?void?copyProperties(final?Object?dest,?final?Object?orig)
        ????????throws?IllegalAccessException,?InvocationTargetException?
        {

        ????????//?Validate?existence?of?the?specified?beans
        ????????if?(dest?==?null)?{
        ????????????throw?new?IllegalArgumentException
        ????????????????????("No?destination?bean?specified");
        ????????}
        ????????if?(orig?==?null)?{
        ????????????throw?new?IllegalArgumentException("No?origin?bean?specified");
        ????????}
        ????????if?(log.isDebugEnabled())?{
        ????????????log.debug("BeanUtils.copyProperties("?+?dest?+?",?"?+
        ??????????????????????orig?+?")");
        ????????}

        ????????//?Copy?the?properties,?converting?as?necessary
        ????????if?(orig?instanceof?DynaBean)?{
        ????????????final?DynaProperty[]?origDescriptors?=
        ????????????????((DynaBean)?orig).getDynaClass().getDynaProperties();
        ????????????for?(DynaProperty?origDescriptor?:?origDescriptors)?{
        ????????????????final?String?name?=?origDescriptor.getName();
        ????????????????//?Need?to?check?isReadable()?for?WrapDynaBean
        ????????????????//?(see?Jira?issue#?BEANUTILS-61)
        ????????????????if?(getPropertyUtils().isReadable(orig,?name)?&&
        ????????????????????getPropertyUtils().isWriteable(dest,?name))?{
        ????????????????????final?Object?value?=?((DynaBean)?orig).get(name);
        ????????????????????copyProperty(dest,?name,?value);
        ????????????????}
        ????????????}
        ????????}?else?if?(orig?instanceof?Map)?{
        ????????????@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        ????????????final
        ????????????//?Map?properties?are?always?of?type?
        ????????????Map?propMap?=?(Map)?orig;
        ????????????for?(final?Map.Entry?entry?:?propMap.entrySet())?{
        ????????????????final?String?name?=?entry.getKey();
        ????????????????if?(getPropertyUtils().isWriteable(dest,?name))?{
        ????????????????????copyProperty(dest,?name,?entry.getValue());
        ????????????????}
        ????????????}
        ????????}?else?/*?if?(orig?is?a?standard?JavaBean)?*/?{
        ????????????final?PropertyDescriptor[]?origDescriptors?=
        ????????????????getPropertyUtils().getPropertyDescriptors(orig);
        ????????????for?(PropertyDescriptor?origDescriptor?:?origDescriptors)?{
        ????????????????final?String?name?=?origDescriptor.getName();
        ????????????????if?("class".equals(name))?{
        ????????????????????continue;?//?No?point?in?trying?to?set?an?object's?class
        ????????????????}
        ????????????????if?(getPropertyUtils().isReadable(orig,?name)?&&
        ????????????????????getPropertyUtils().isWriteable(dest,?name))?{
        ????????????????????try?{
        ????????????????????????final?Object?value?=
        ????????????????????????????getPropertyUtils().getSimpleProperty(orig,?name);
        ????????????????????????copyProperty(dest,?name,?value);
        ????????????????????}?catch?(final?NoSuchMethodException?e)?{
        ????????????????????????//?Should?not?happen
        ????????????????????}
        ????????????????}
        ????????????}
        ????????}

        ????}


        Spring的 BeanUtils

        使用spring的BeanUtils進(jìn)行對(duì)象拷貝:

        public?class?TestSpringBeanUtils?{
        ????public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?throws?InvocationTargetException,?IllegalAccessException?{

        ???????//下面只是用于單獨(dú)測(cè)試
        ????????PersonSource?personSource?=?new?PersonSource(1,?"pjmike",?"12345",?21);
        ????????PersonDest?personDest?=?new?PersonDest();
        ????????BeanUtils.copyProperties(personSource,personDest);
        ????????System.out.println("persondest:?"+personDest);
        ????}
        }

        spring下的BeanUtils也是使用 copyProperties方法進(jìn)行拷貝,只不過它的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式非常簡(jiǎn)單,就是對(duì)兩個(gè)對(duì)象中相同名字的屬性進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的get/set,僅檢查屬性的可訪問性。具體實(shí)現(xiàn)如下:

        private?static?void?copyProperties(Object?source,?Object?target,?@Nullable?Class?editable,
        ???@Nullable?String...?ignoreProperties)
        ?throws?BeansException?
        {

        ??Assert.notNull(source,?"Source?must?not?be?null");
        ??Assert.notNull(target,?"Target?must?not?be?null");

        ??Class?actualEditable?=?target.getClass();
        ??if?(editable?!=?null)?{
        ???if?(!editable.isInstance(target))?{
        ????throw?new?IllegalArgumentException("Target?class?["?+?target.getClass().getName()?+
        ??????"]?not?assignable?to?Editable?class?["?+?editable.getName()?+?"]");
        ???}
        ???actualEditable?=?editable;
        ??}
        ??PropertyDescriptor[]?targetPds?=?getPropertyDescriptors(actualEditable);
        ??List?ignoreList?=?(ignoreProperties?!=?null???Arrays.asList(ignoreProperties)?:?null);

        ??for?(PropertyDescriptor?targetPd?:?targetPds)?{
        ???Method?writeMethod?=?targetPd.getWriteMethod();
        ???if?(writeMethod?!=?null?&&?(ignoreList?==?null?||?!ignoreList.contains(targetPd.getName())))?{
        ????PropertyDescriptor?sourcePd?=?getPropertyDescriptor(source.getClass(),?targetPd.getName());
        ????if?(sourcePd?!=?null)?{
        ?????Method?readMethod?=?sourcePd.getReadMethod();
        ?????if?(readMethod?!=?null?&&
        ???????ClassUtils.isAssignable(writeMethod.getParameterTypes()[0],?readMethod.getReturnType()))?{
        ??????try?{
        ???????if?(!Modifier.isPublic(readMethod.getDeclaringClass().getModifiers()))?{
        ????????readMethod.setAccessible(true);
        ???????}
        ???????Object?value?=?readMethod.invoke(source);
        ???????if?(!Modifier.isPublic(writeMethod.getDeclaringClass().getModifiers()))?{
        ????????writeMethod.setAccessible(true);
        ???????}
        ???????writeMethod.invoke(target,?value);
        ??????}
        ??????catch?(Throwable?ex)?{
        ???????throw?new?FatalBeanException(
        ?????????"Could?not?copy?property?'"?+?targetPd.getName()?+?"'?from?source?to?target",?ex);
        ??????}
        ?????}
        ????}
        ???}
        ??}
        ?}

        可以看到,成員變量賦值是基于目標(biāo)對(duì)象的成員列表,并且會(huì)跳過ignore的以及在源對(duì)象中不存在,所以這個(gè)方法是安全的,不會(huì)因?yàn)閮蓚€(gè)對(duì)象之間的結(jié)構(gòu)差異導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤,但是必須保證同名的兩個(gè)成員變量類型相同

        小結(jié)

        以上簡(jiǎn)要的分析兩種BeanUtils,因?yàn)锳pache下的BeanUtils性能較差,不建議使用,可以使用 Spring的BeanUtils,或者使用其他拷貝框架,比如 cglib BeanCopier,基于javassist的Orika等,這些也是非常優(yōu)秀的類庫(kù),值得去嘗試。


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        喜歡我可以給我設(shè)為星標(biāo)哦

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