1. Spring 中的重試機(jī)制,簡單、實用!

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         ·

        2021-02-19 12:09

        作者:alben
        來源:https://albenw.github.io/posts/69a9647f/

        概要

        Spring實現(xiàn)了一套重試機(jī)制,功能簡單實用。Spring Retry是從Spring Batch獨立出來的一個功能,已經(jīng)廣泛應(yīng)用于Spring Batch,Spring Integration, Spring for Apache Hadoop等Spring項目。本文將講述如何使用Spring Retry及其實現(xiàn)原理。

        背景

        重試,其實我們其實很多時候都需要的,為了保證容錯性,可用性,一致性等。一般用來應(yīng)對外部系統(tǒng)的一些不可預(yù)料的返回、異常等,特別是網(wǎng)絡(luò)延遲,中斷等情況。還有在現(xiàn)在流行的微服務(wù)治理框架中,通常都有自己的重試與超時配置,比如dubbo可以設(shè)置retries=1,timeout=500調(diào)用失敗只重試1次,超過500ms調(diào)用仍未返回則調(diào)用失敗。如果我們要做重試,要為特定的某個操作做重試功能,則要硬編碼,大概邏輯基本都是寫個循環(huán),根據(jù)返回或異常,計數(shù)失敗次數(shù),然后設(shè)定退出條件。這樣做,且不說每個操作都要寫這種類似的代碼,而且重試邏輯和業(yè)務(wù)邏輯混在一起,給維護(hù)和擴(kuò)展帶來了麻煩。從面向?qū)ο蟮慕嵌葋砜?,我們?yīng)該把重試的代碼獨立出來。

        使用介紹

        基本使用

        先舉個例子:

        @Configuration
        @EnableRetry
        public?class?Application?{

        ????@Bean
        ????public?RetryService?retryService(){
        ????????return?new?RetryService();
        ????}

        ????public?static?void?main(String[]?args)?throws?Exception{
        ????????ApplicationContext?applicationContext?=?new?AnnotationConfigApplicationContext("springretry");
        ????????RetryService?service1?=?applicationContext.getBean("service",?RetryService.class);
        ????????service1.service();
        ????}
        }

        @Service("service")
        public?class?RetryService?{

        ????@Retryable(value?=?IllegalAccessException.class,?maxAttempts?=?5,
        ????????????backoff=?@Backoff(value?=?1500,?maxDelay?=?100000,?multiplier?=?1.2))
        ????public?void?service()?throws?IllegalAccessException?{
        ????????System.out.println("service?method...");
        ????????throw?new?IllegalAccessException("manual?exception");
        ????}

        ????@Recover
        ????public?void?recover(IllegalAccessException?e){
        ????????System.out.println("service?retry?after?Recover?=>?"?+?e.getMessage());
        ????}

        }

        @EnableRetry - 表示開啟重試機(jī)制 @Retryable - 表示這個方法需要重試,它有很豐富的參數(shù),可以滿足你對重試的需求 @Backoff - 表示重試中的退避策略 @Recover - 兜底方法,即多次重試后還是失敗就會執(zhí)行這個方法

        Spring-Retry 的功能豐富在于其重試策略和退避策略,還有兜底,監(jiān)聽器等操作。

        然后每個注解里面的參數(shù),都是很簡單的,大家看一下就知道是什么意思,怎么用了,我就不多講了。

        重試策略

        看一下Spring Retry自帶的一些重試策略,主要是用來判斷當(dāng)方法調(diào)用異常時是否需要重試。(下文原理部分會深入分析實現(xiàn))

        • SimpleRetryPolicy 默認(rèn)最多重試3次
        • TimeoutRetryPolicy 默認(rèn)在1秒內(nèi)失敗都會重試
        • ExpressionRetryPolicy 符合表達(dá)式就會重試
        • CircuitBreakerRetryPolicy 增加了熔斷的機(jī)制,如果不在熔斷狀態(tài),則允許重試
        • CompositeRetryPolicy 可以組合多個重試策略
        • NeverRetryPolicy 從不重試(也是一種重試策略哈)
        • AlwaysRetryPolicy 總是重試

        ….等等

        退避策略

        看一下退避策略,退避是指怎么去做下一次的重試,在這里其實就是等待多長時間。(下文原理部分會深入分析實現(xiàn))

        • FixedBackOffPolicy 默認(rèn)固定延遲1秒后執(zhí)行下一次重試
        • ExponentialBackOffPolicy 指數(shù)遞增延遲執(zhí)行重試,默認(rèn)初始0.1秒,系數(shù)是2,那么下次延遲0.2秒,再下次就是延遲0.4秒,如此類推,最大30秒。
        • ExponentialRandomBackOffPolicy 在上面那個策略上增加隨機(jī)性
        • UniformRandomBackOffPolicy 這個跟上面的區(qū)別就是,上面的延遲會不停遞增,這個只會在固定的區(qū)間隨機(jī)
        • StatelessBackOffPolicy 這個說明是無狀態(tài)的,所謂無狀態(tài)就是對上次的退避無感知,從它下面的子類也能看出來

        原理

        原理部分我想分開兩部分來講,一是重試機(jī)制的切入點,即它是如何使得你的代碼實現(xiàn)重試功能的;二是重試機(jī)制的詳細(xì),包括重試的邏輯以及重試策略和退避策略的實現(xiàn)。

        切入點

        @EnableRetry

        @Target(ElementType.TYPE)
        @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
        @EnableAspectJAutoProxy(proxyTargetClass?=?false)
        @Import(RetryConfiguration.class)
        @Documented
        public?@interface?EnableRetry?
        {

        ?/**
        ??*?Indicate?whether?subclass-based?(CGLIB)?proxies?are?to?be?created?as?opposed
        ??*?to?standard?Java?interface-based?proxies.?The?default?is?{@code?false}.
        ??*
        ??*?@return?whether?to?proxy?or?not?to?proxy?the?class
        ??*/

        ?boolean?proxyTargetClass()?default?false;

        }

        我們可以看到@EnableAspectJAutoProxy(proxyTargetClass = false)這個并不陌生,就是打開Spring AOP功能。重點看看@Import(RetryConfiguration.class)@Import相當(dāng)于注冊這個Bean

        我們看看這個RetryConfiguration是個什么東西

        它是一個AbstractPointcutAdvisor,它有一個pointcut和一個advice。我們知道,在IOC過程中會根據(jù)PointcutAdvisor類來對Bean進(jìn)行Pointcut的過濾,然后生成對應(yīng)的AOP代理類,用advice來加強處理。看看RetryConfiguration的初始化:

        @PostConstruct
        ?public?void?init()?{
        ??Set>?retryableAnnotationTypes?=?new?LinkedHashSet>(1);
        ??retryableAnnotationTypes.add(Retryable.class);
        ????????//創(chuàng)建pointcut
        ??this.pointcut?=?buildPointcut(retryableAnnotationTypes);
        ????????//創(chuàng)建advice
        ??this.advice?=?buildAdvice();
        ??if?(this.advice?instanceof?BeanFactoryAware)?{
        ???((BeanFactoryAware)?this.advice).setBeanFactory(beanFactory);
        ??}
        ?}
        protected?Pointcut?buildPointcut(Set>?retryAnnotationTypes)?{
        ??ComposablePointcut?result?=?null;
        ??for?(Class?retryAnnotationType?:?retryAnnotationTypes)?{
        ???Pointcut?filter?=?new?AnnotationClassOrMethodPointcut(retryAnnotationType);
        ???if?(result?==?null)?{
        ????result?=?new?ComposablePointcut(filter);
        ???}
        ???else?{
        ????result.union(filter);
        ???}
        ??}
        ??return?result;
        ?}

        上面代碼用到了AnnotationClassOrMethodPointcut,其實它最終還是用到了AnnotationMethodMatcher來根據(jù)注解進(jìn)行切入點的過濾。這里就是@Retryable注解了。

        //創(chuàng)建advice對象,即攔截器
        ???protected?Advice?buildAdvice()?{
        ????//下面關(guān)注這個對象
        ?AnnotationAwareRetryOperationsInterceptor?interceptor?=?new?AnnotationAwareRetryOperationsInterceptor();
        ?if?(retryContextCache?!=?null)?{
        ??interceptor.setRetryContextCache(retryContextCache);
        ?}
        ?if?(retryListeners?!=?null)?{
        ??interceptor.setListeners(retryListeners);
        ?}
        ?if?(methodArgumentsKeyGenerator?!=?null)?{
        ??interceptor.setKeyGenerator(methodArgumentsKeyGenerator);
        ?}
        ?if?(newMethodArgumentsIdentifier?!=?null)?{
        ??interceptor.setNewItemIdentifier(newMethodArgumentsIdentifier);
        ?}
        ?if?(sleeper?!=?null)?{
        ??interceptor.setSleeper(sleeper);
        ?}
        ?return?interceptor;
        }

        AnnotationAwareRetryOperationsInterceptor

        ?可以看出AnnotationAwareRetryOperationsInterceptor是一個MethodInterceptor,在創(chuàng)建AOP代理過程中如果目標(biāo)方法符合pointcut的規(guī)則,它就會加到interceptor列表中,然后做增強,我們看看invoke方法做了什么增強。

        @Override
        ?public?Object?invoke(MethodInvocation?invocation)?throws?Throwable?{
        ??MethodInterceptor?delegate?=?getDelegate(invocation.getThis(),?invocation.getMethod());
        ??if?(delegate?!=?null)?{
        ???return?delegate.invoke(invocation);
        ??}
        ??else?{
        ???return?invocation.proceed();
        ??}
        ?}

        這里用到了委托,主要是需要根據(jù)配置委托給具體“有狀態(tài)”的interceptor還是“無狀態(tài)”的interceptor。

        private?MethodInterceptor?getDelegate(Object?target,?Method?method)?{
        ??if?(!this.delegates.containsKey(target)?||?!this.delegates.get(target).containsKey(method))?{
        ???synchronized?(this.delegates)?{
        ????if?(!this.delegates.containsKey(target))?{
        ?????this.delegates.put(target,?new?HashMap());
        ????}
        ????Map?delegatesForTarget?=?this.delegates.get(target);
        ????if?(!delegatesForTarget.containsKey(method))?{
        ?????Retryable?retryable?=?AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(method,?Retryable.class);
        ?????if?(retryable?==?null)?{
        ??????retryable?=?AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(method.getDeclaringClass(),?Retryable.class);
        ?????}
        ?????if?(retryable?==?null)?{
        ??????retryable?=?findAnnotationOnTarget(target,?method);
        ?????}
        ?????if?(retryable?==?null)?{
        ??????return?delegatesForTarget.put(method,?null);
        ?????}
        ?????MethodInterceptor?delegate;
        ?????//支持自定義MethodInterceptor,而且優(yōu)先級最高
        ?????if?(StringUtils.hasText(retryable.interceptor()))?{
        ??????delegate?=?this.beanFactory.getBean(retryable.interceptor(),?MethodInterceptor.class);
        ?????}
        ?????else?if?(retryable.stateful())?{
        ?????????????????????//得到“有狀態(tài)”的interceptor
        ??????delegate?=?getStatefulInterceptor(target,?method,?retryable);
        ?????}
        ?????else?{
        ?????????????????????//得到“無狀態(tài)”的interceptor
        ??????delegate?=?getStatelessInterceptor(target,?method,?retryable);
        ?????}
        ?????delegatesForTarget.put(method,?delegate);
        ????}
        ???}
        ??}
        ??return?this.delegates.get(target).get(method);
        ?}

        getStatefulInterceptor和getStatelessInterceptor都是差不多,我們先看看比較簡單的getStatelessInterceptor。

        private?MethodInterceptor?getStatelessInterceptor(Object?target,?Method?method,?Retryable?retryable)?{
        ??//生成一個RetryTemplate
        ??RetryTemplate?template?=?createTemplate(retryable.listeners());
        ??//生成retryPolicy
        ??template.setRetryPolicy(getRetryPolicy(retryable));
        ??//生成backoffPolicy
        ??template.setBackOffPolicy(getBackoffPolicy(retryable.backoff()));
        ??return?RetryInterceptorBuilder.stateless()
        ????.retryOperations(template)
        ????.label(retryable.label())
        ????.recoverer(getRecoverer(target,?method))
        ????.build();
        ?}

        具體生成retryPolicy和backoffPolicy的規(guī)則,我們等下再回頭來看。RetryInterceptorBuilder其實就是為了生成RetryOperationsInterceptor。RetryOperationsInterceptor也是一個MethodInterceptor,我們來看看它的invoke方法。

        public?Object?invoke(final?MethodInvocation?invocation)?throws?Throwable?{

        ??String?name;
        ??if?(StringUtils.hasText(label))?{
        ???name?=?label;
        ??}?else?{
        ???name?=?invocation.getMethod().toGenericString();
        ??}
        ??final?String?label?=?name;

        ??//定義了一個RetryCallback,其實看它的doWithRetry方法,調(diào)用了invocation的proceed()方法,是不是有點眼熟,這就是AOP的攔截鏈調(diào)用,如果沒有攔截鏈,那就是對原來方法的調(diào)用。
        ??RetryCallback?retryCallback?=?new?RetryCallback()?{

        ???public?Object?doWithRetry(RetryContext?context)?throws?Exception?{
        ????
        ????context.setAttribute(RetryContext.NAME,?label);

        ????/*
        ?????*?If?we?don't?copy?the?invocation?carefully?it?won't?keep?a?reference?to
        ?????*?the?other?interceptors?in?the?chain.?We?don't?have?a?choice?here?but?to
        ?????*?specialise?to?ReflectiveMethodInvocation?(but?how?often?would?another
        ?????*?implementation?come?along?).
        ?????*/

        ????if?(invocation?instanceof?ProxyMethodInvocation)?{
        ?????try?{
        ??????return?((ProxyMethodInvocation)?invocation).invocableClone().proceed();
        ?????}
        ?????catch?(Exception?e)?{
        ??????throw?e;
        ?????}
        ?????catch?(Error?e)?{
        ??????throw?e;
        ?????}
        ?????catch?(Throwable?e)?{
        ??????throw?new?IllegalStateException(e);
        ?????}
        ????}
        ????else?{
        ?????throw?new?IllegalStateException(
        ???????"MethodInvocation?of?the?wrong?type?detected?-?this?should?not?happen?with?Spring?AOP,?"?+
        ?????????"so?please?raise?an?issue?if?you?see?this?exception");
        ????}
        ???}

        ??};

        ??if?(recoverer?!=?null)?{
        ???ItemRecovererCallback?recoveryCallback?=?new?ItemRecovererCallback(
        ?????invocation.getArguments(),?recoverer);
        ???return?this.retryOperations.execute(retryCallback,?recoveryCallback);
        ??}
        ??//最終還是進(jìn)入到retryOperations的execute方法,這個retryOperations就是在之前的builder set進(jìn)來的RetryTemplate。
        ??return?this.retryOperations.execute(retryCallback);

        ?}

        無論是RetryOperationsInterceptor還是StatefulRetryOperationsInterceptor,最終的攔截處理邏輯還是調(diào)用到RetryTemplate的execute方法,從名字也看出來,RetryTemplate作為一個模板類,里面包含了重試統(tǒng)一邏輯。不過,我看這個RetryTemplate并不是很“模板”,因為它沒有很多可以擴(kuò)展的地方。

        重試邏輯及策略實現(xiàn)

        上面介紹了Spring Retry利用了AOP代理使重試機(jī)制對業(yè)務(wù)代碼進(jìn)行“入侵”。下面我們繼續(xù)看看重試的邏輯做了什么。RetryTemplate的doExecute方法。

        protected??T?doExecute(RetryCallback?retryCallback,
        ???RecoveryCallback?recoveryCallback,?RetryState?state)

        ???throws?E,?ExhaustedRetryException?
        {

        ??RetryPolicy?retryPolicy?=?this.retryPolicy;
        ??BackOffPolicy?backOffPolicy?=?this.backOffPolicy;

        ??//新建一個RetryContext來保存本輪重試的上下文
        ??RetryContext?context?=?open(retryPolicy,?state);
        ??if?(this.logger.isTraceEnabled())?{
        ???this.logger.trace("RetryContext?retrieved:?"?+?context);
        ??}

        ??//?Make?sure?the?context?is?available?globally?for?clients?who?need
        ??//?it...
        ??RetrySynchronizationManager.register(context);

        ??Throwable?lastException?=?null;

        ??boolean?exhausted?=?false;
        ??try?{

        ???//如果有注冊RetryListener,則會調(diào)用它的open方法,給調(diào)用者一個通知。
        ???boolean?running?=?doOpenInterceptors(retryCallback,?context);

        ???if?(!running)?{
        ????throw?new?TerminatedRetryException(
        ??????"Retry?terminated?abnormally?by?interceptor?before?first?attempt");
        ???}

        ???//?Get?or?Start?the?backoff?context...
        ???BackOffContext?backOffContext?=?null;
        ???Object?resource?=?context.getAttribute("backOffContext");

        ???if?(resource?instanceof?BackOffContext)?{
        ????backOffContext?=?(BackOffContext)?resource;
        ???}

        ???if?(backOffContext?==?null)?{
        ????backOffContext?=?backOffPolicy.start(context);
        ????if?(backOffContext?!=?null)?{
        ?????context.setAttribute("backOffContext",?backOffContext);
        ????}
        ???}

        ???//判斷能否重試,就是調(diào)用RetryPolicy的canRetry方法來判斷。
        ???//這個循環(huán)會直到原方法不拋出異常,或不需要再重試
        ???while?(canRetry(retryPolicy,?context)?&&?!context.isExhaustedOnly())?{

        ????try?{
        ?????if?(this.logger.isDebugEnabled())?{
        ??????this.logger.debug("Retry:?count="?+?context.getRetryCount());
        ?????}
        ?????//清除上次記錄的異常
        ?????lastException?=?null;
        ?????//doWithRetry方法,一般來說就是原方法
        ?????return?retryCallback.doWithRetry(context);
        ????}
        ????catch?(Throwable?e)?{
        ?????//原方法拋出了異常
        ?????lastException?=?e;

        ?????try?{
        ??????//記錄異常信息
        ??????registerThrowable(retryPolicy,?state,?context,?e);
        ?????}
        ?????catch?(Exception?ex)?{
        ??????throw?new?TerminatedRetryException("Could?not?register?throwable",
        ????????ex);
        ?????}
        ?????finally?{
        ??????//調(diào)用RetryListener的onError方法
        ??????doOnErrorInterceptors(retryCallback,?context,?e);
        ?????}
        ?????//再次判斷能否重試
        ?????if?(canRetry(retryPolicy,?context)?&&?!context.isExhaustedOnly())?{
        ??????try?{
        ???????//如果可以重試則走退避策略
        ???????backOffPolicy.backOff(backOffContext);
        ??????}
        ??????catch?(BackOffInterruptedException?ex)?{
        ???????lastException?=?e;
        ???????//?back?off?was?prevented?by?another?thread?-?fail?the?retry
        ???????if?(this.logger.isDebugEnabled())?{
        ????????this.logger
        ??????????.debug("Abort?retry?because?interrupted:?count="
        ????????????+?context.getRetryCount());
        ???????}
        ???????throw?ex;
        ??????}
        ?????}

        ?????if?(this.logger.isDebugEnabled())?{
        ??????this.logger.debug(
        ????????"Checking?for?rethrow:?count="?+?context.getRetryCount());
        ?????}

        ?????if?(shouldRethrow(retryPolicy,?context,?state))?{
        ??????if?(this.logger.isDebugEnabled())?{
        ???????this.logger.debug("Rethrow?in?retry?for?policy:?count="
        ?????????+?context.getRetryCount());
        ??????}
        ??????throw?RetryTemplate.wrapIfNecessary(e);
        ?????}

        ????}

        ????/*
        ?????*?A?stateful?attempt?that?can?retry?may?rethrow?the?exception?before?now,
        ?????*?but?if?we?get?this?far?in?a?stateful?retry?there's?a?reason?for?it,
        ?????*?like?a?circuit?breaker?or?a?rollback?classifier.
        ?????*/

        ????if?(state?!=?null?&&?context.hasAttribute(GLOBAL_STATE))?{
        ?????break;
        ????}
        ???}

        ???if?(state?==?null?&&?this.logger.isDebugEnabled())?{
        ????this.logger.debug(
        ??????"Retry?failed?last?attempt:?count="?+?context.getRetryCount());
        ???}

        ???exhausted?=?true;
        ???//重試結(jié)束后如果有兜底Recovery方法則執(zhí)行,否則拋異常
        ???return?handleRetryExhausted(recoveryCallback,?context,?state);

        ??}
        ??catch?(Throwable?e)?{
        ???throw?RetryTemplate.wrapIfNecessary(e);
        ??}
        ??finally?{
        ???//處理一些關(guān)閉邏輯
        ???close(retryPolicy,?context,?state,?lastException?==?null?||?exhausted);
        ???//調(diào)用RetryListener的close方法
        ???doCloseInterceptors(retryCallback,?context,?lastException);
        ???RetrySynchronizationManager.clear();
        ??}

        ?}

        主要核心重試邏輯就是上面的代碼了,看上去還是挺簡單的。在上面,我們漏掉了RetryPolicy的canRetry方法和BackOffPolicy的backOff方法,以及這兩個Policy是怎么來的。我們回頭看看getStatelessInterceptor方法中的getRetryPolicygetRetryPolicy方法。

        private?RetryPolicy?getRetryPolicy(Annotation?retryable)?{
        ??Map?attrs?=?AnnotationUtils.getAnnotationAttributes(retryable);
        ??@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        ??Class[]?includes?=?(Class[])?attrs.get("value");
        ??String?exceptionExpression?=?(String)?attrs.get("exceptionExpression");
        ??boolean?hasExpression?=?StringUtils.hasText(exceptionExpression);
        ??if?(includes.length?==?0)?{
        ???@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        ???Class[]?value?=?(Class[])?attrs.get("include");
        ???includes?=?value;
        ??}
        ??@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        ??Class[]?excludes?=?(Class[])?attrs.get("exclude");
        ??Integer?maxAttempts?=?(Integer)?attrs.get("maxAttempts");
        ??String?maxAttemptsExpression?=?(String)?attrs.get("maxAttemptsExpression");
        ??if?(StringUtils.hasText(maxAttemptsExpression))?{
        ???maxAttempts?=?PARSER.parseExpression(resolve(maxAttemptsExpression),?PARSER_CONTEXT)
        ?????.getValue(this.evaluationContext,?Integer.class);
        ??}
        ??if?(includes.length?==?0?&&?excludes.length?==?0)?{
        ???SimpleRetryPolicy?simple?=?hasExpression???new?ExpressionRetryPolicy(resolve(exceptionExpression))
        ???????????????.withBeanFactory(this.beanFactory)
        ??????????????:?new?SimpleRetryPolicy();
        ???simple.setMaxAttempts(maxAttempts);
        ???return?simple;
        ??}
        ??Map,?Boolean>?policyMap?=?new?HashMap,?Boolean>();
        ??for?(Class?type?:?includes)?{
        ???policyMap.put(type,?true);
        ??}
        ??for?(Class?type?:?excludes)?{
        ???policyMap.put(type,?false);
        ??}
        ??boolean?retryNotExcluded?=?includes.length?==?0;
        ??if?(hasExpression)?{
        ???return?new?ExpressionRetryPolicy(maxAttempts,?policyMap,?true,?exceptionExpression,?retryNotExcluded)
        ?????.withBeanFactory(this.beanFactory);
        ??}
        ??else?{
        ???return?new?SimpleRetryPolicy(maxAttempts,?policyMap,?true,?retryNotExcluded);
        ??}
        ?}

        嗯~,代碼不難,這里簡單做一下總結(jié)好了。就是通過@Retryable注解中的參數(shù),來判斷具體使用文章開頭說到的哪個重試策略,是SimpleRetryPolicy還是ExpressionRetryPolicy等。

        private?BackOffPolicy?getBackoffPolicy(Backoff?backoff)?{
        ??long?min?=?backoff.delay()?==?0???backoff.value()?:?backoff.delay();
        ??if?(StringUtils.hasText(backoff.delayExpression()))?{
        ???min?=?PARSER.parseExpression(resolve(backoff.delayExpression()),?PARSER_CONTEXT)
        ?????.getValue(this.evaluationContext,?Long.class);
        ??}
        ??long?max?=?backoff.maxDelay();
        ??if?(StringUtils.hasText(backoff.maxDelayExpression()))?{
        ???max?=?PARSER.parseExpression(resolve(backoff.maxDelayExpression()),?PARSER_CONTEXT)
        ?????.getValue(this.evaluationContext,?Long.class);
        ??}
        ??double?multiplier?=?backoff.multiplier();
        ??if?(StringUtils.hasText(backoff.multiplierExpression()))?{
        ???multiplier?=?PARSER.parseExpression(resolve(backoff.multiplierExpression()),?PARSER_CONTEXT)
        ?????.getValue(this.evaluationContext,?Double.class);
        ??}
        ??if?(multiplier?>?0)?{
        ???ExponentialBackOffPolicy?policy?=?new?ExponentialBackOffPolicy();
        ???if?(backoff.random())?{
        ????policy?=?new?ExponentialRandomBackOffPolicy();
        ???}
        ???policy.setInitialInterval(min);
        ???policy.setMultiplier(multiplier);
        ???policy.setMaxInterval(max?>?min???max?:?ExponentialBackOffPolicy.DEFAULT_MAX_INTERVAL);
        ???if?(this.sleeper?!=?null)?{
        ????policy.setSleeper(this.sleeper);
        ???}
        ???return?policy;
        ??}
        ??if?(max?>?min)?{
        ???UniformRandomBackOffPolicy?policy?=?new?UniformRandomBackOffPolicy();
        ???policy.setMinBackOffPeriod(min);
        ???policy.setMaxBackOffPeriod(max);
        ???if?(this.sleeper?!=?null)?{
        ????policy.setSleeper(this.sleeper);
        ???}
        ???return?policy;
        ??}
        ??FixedBackOffPolicy?policy?=?new?FixedBackOffPolicy();
        ??policy.setBackOffPeriod(min);
        ??if?(this.sleeper?!=?null)?{
        ???policy.setSleeper(this.sleeper);
        ??}
        ??return?policy;
        ?}

        嗯~,一樣的味道。就是通過@Backoff注解中的參數(shù),來判斷具體使用文章開頭說到的哪個退避策略,是FixedBackOffPolicy還是UniformRandomBackOffPolicy等。

        那么每個RetryPolicy都會重寫canRetry方法,然后在RetryTemplate判斷是否需要重試。我們看看SimpleRetryPolicy的

        @Override
        ?public?boolean?canRetry(RetryContext?context)?{
        ??Throwable?t?=?context.getLastThrowable();
        ??//判斷拋出的異常是否符合重試的異常
        ??//還有,是否超過了重試的次數(shù)
        ??return?(t?==?null?||?retryForException(t))?&&?context.getRetryCount()??}

        同樣,我們看看FixedBackOffPolicy的退避方法。

        protected?void?doBackOff()?throws?BackOffInterruptedException?{
        ??try?{
        ???//就是sleep固定的時間
        ???sleeper.sleep(backOffPeriod);
        ??}
        ??catch?(InterruptedException?e)?{
        ???throw?new?BackOffInterruptedException("Thread?interrupted?while?sleeping",?e);
        ??}
        ?}

        至此,重試的主要原理以及邏輯大概就是這樣了。

        RetryContext

        我覺得有必要說說RetryContext,先看看它的繼承關(guān)系。



        可以看出對每一個策略都有對應(yīng)的Context。

        在Spring Retry里,其實每一個策略都是單例來的。我剛開始直覺是對每一個需要重試的方法都會new一個策略,這樣重試策略之間才不會產(chǎn)生沖突,但是一想就知道這樣就可能多出了很多策略對象出來,增加了使用者的負(fù)擔(dān),這不是一個好的設(shè)計。Spring Retry采用了一個更加輕量級的做法,就是針對每一個需要重試的方法只new一個上下文Context對象,然后在重試時,把這個Context傳到策略里,策略再根據(jù)這個Context做重試,而且Spring Retry還對這個Context做了cache。這樣就相當(dāng)于對重試的上下文做了優(yōu)化。

        總結(jié)

        Spring Retry通過AOP機(jī)制來實現(xiàn)對業(yè)務(wù)代碼的重試”入侵“,RetryTemplate中包含了核心的重試邏輯,還提供了豐富的重試策略和退避策略。

        參考資料

        http://www.10tiao.com/html/164/201705/2652898434/1.html https://www.jianshu.com/p/58e753ca0151 https://paper.tuisec.win/detail/90bd660fad92183

        END


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