Linux 下大文件切割與合并
作者 | Escape
往往是因?yàn)榫W(wǎng)絡(luò)傳輸?shù)南拗?，?dǎo)致很多時(shí)候，我們需要在 Linux 系統(tǒng)下進(jìn)行大文件的切割。這樣將一個(gè)大文件切割成為多個(gè)小文件，進(jìn)行傳輸，傳輸完畢之后進(jìn)行合并即可。
文件切割 - split
在 Linux 系統(tǒng)下使用 split 命令進(jìn)行大文件切割很方便
命令語法
-a: #指定輸出文件名的后綴長度(默認(rèn)為2個(gè):aa,ab...)
-d: #指定輸出文件名的后綴用數(shù)字代替
-l: #行數(shù)分割模式(指定每多少行切成一個(gè)小文件;默認(rèn)行數(shù)是1000行)
-b: #二進(jìn)制分割模式(支持單位:k/m)
-C: #文件大小分割模式(切割時(shí)盡量維持每行的完整性)
split [-a] [-d] [-l <行數(shù)>] [-b <字節(jié)>] [-C <字節(jié)>] [要切割的文件] [輸出文件名]
使用實(shí)例
# 行切割文件
$ split -l 300000 users.sql /data/users_
# 使用數(shù)字后綴
$ split -d -l 300000 users.sql /data/users_
# 按字節(jié)大小分割
$ split -d -b 100m users.sql /data/users_
幫助信息
# 幫助信息
$ split --help
Usage: split [OPTION]... [FILE [PREFIX]]
Output pieces of FILE to PREFIXaa, PREFIXab, ...;
default size is 1000 lines, and default PREFIX is 'x'.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-a, --suffix-length=N generate suffixes of length N (default 2) 后綴名稱的長度(默認(rèn)為2)
--additional-suffix=SUFFIX append an additional SUFFIX to file names
-b, --bytes=SIZE put SIZE bytes per output file 每個(gè)輸出文件的字節(jié)大小
-C, --line-bytes=SIZE put at most SIZE bytes of records per output file 每個(gè)輸出文件的最大字節(jié)大小
-d use numeric suffixes starting at 0, not alphabetic 使用數(shù)字后綴代替字母后綴
--numeric-suffixes[=FROM] same as -d, but allow setting the start value
-e, --elide-empty-files do not generate empty output files with '-n' 不產(chǎn)生空的輸出文件
--filter=COMMAND write to shell COMMAND; file name is $FILE 寫入到shell命令行
-l, --lines=NUMBER put NUMBER lines/records per output file 設(shè)定每個(gè)輸出文件的行數(shù)
-n, --number=CHUNKS generate CHUNKS output files; see explanation below 產(chǎn)生chunks文件
-t, --separator=SEP use SEP instead of newline as the record separator; 使用新字符分割
'\0' (zero) specifies the NUL character
-u, --unbuffered immediately copy input to output with '-n r/...' 無需緩存
--verbose print a diagnostic just before each 顯示分割進(jìn)度
output file is opened
--help display this help and exit 顯示幫助信息
--version output version information and exit 顯示版本信息
The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is 10*1024).
Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y (powers of 1024) or KB,MB,... (powers of 1000).
CHUNKS may be:
N split into N files based on size of input
K/N output Kth of N to stdout
l/N split into N files without splitting lines/records
l/K/N output Kth of N to stdout without splitting lines/records
r/N like 'l' but use round robin distribution
r/K/N likewise but only output Kth of N to stdout
GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Full documentation at: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/split>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) split invocation'
文件合并 - cat
在 Linux 系統(tǒng)下使用 cat 命令進(jìn)行多個(gè)小文件的合并也很方便
命令語法
-n: #顯示行號
-e: #以$字符作為每行的結(jié)尾
-t: #顯示TAB字符(^I)
cat [-n] [-e] [-t] [輸出文件名]
使用實(shí)例
# 合并文件
$ cat /data/users_* > users.sql
幫助信息
# 幫助信息
$ cat --h
Usage: cat [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Concatenate FILE(s) to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
-A, --show-all equivalent to -vET
-b, --number-nonblank number nonempty output lines, overrides -n
-e equivalent to -vE
-E, --show-ends display $ at end of each line
-n, --number number all output lines
-s, --squeeze-blank suppress repeated empty output lines
-t equivalent to -vT
-T, --show-tabs display TAB characters as ^I
-u (ignored)
-v, --show-nonprinting use ^ and M- notation, except for LFD and TAB
--help display this help and exit
--version output version information and exit
Examples:
cat f - g Output f's contents, then standard input, then g's contents.
cat Copy standard input to standard output.
GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Full documentation at: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/cat>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils)往期推薦
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