CentOS7中使用systemctl列出啟動(dòng)失敗的服務(wù)
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列出啟動(dòng)失敗的服務(wù)
[root@localhost?~]#?systemctl?list-units?--state?failed
??UNIT??????????LOAD???ACTIVE?SUB????DESCRIPTION
●?httpd.service?loaded?failed?failed?The?Apache?HTTP?Server
LOAD???=?Reflects?whether?the?unit?definition?was?properly?loaded.
ACTIVE?=?The?high-level?unit?activation?state,?i.e.?generalization?of?SUB.
SUB????=?The?low-level?unit?activation?state,?values?depend?on?unit?type.
1?loaded?units?listed.?Pass?--all?to?see?loaded?but?inactive?units,?too.
To?show?all?installed?unit?files?use?'systemctl?list-unit-files'.
可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，有個(gè)一個(gè)服務(wù)啟動(dòng)失敗了。
is-failed選項(xiàng)
可以使用is-failed選項(xiàng)檢查指定的服務(wù)是否啟動(dòng)失敗。如果啟動(dòng)失敗，結(jié)果是failed。如果啟動(dòng)沒有問題，結(jié)果是active。
[root@localhost?~]#?systemctl?is-failed?httpd
failed
[root@localhost?~]#?systemctl?is-failed?vsftpd
active
檢查服務(wù)的狀態(tài)
可以使用status選項(xiàng)，查看服務(wù)啟動(dòng)失敗的原因，下面狀態(tài)信息里面告訴我們，是httpd.conf配置文件354行有語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。
May?26?09:22:05?localhost?httpd[2958]:?httpd:?Syntax?error?on?line?354?of?/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf:?/...osed.
[root@localhost?~]#?systemctl?status?httpd
●?httpd.service?-?The?Apache?HTTP?Server
???Loaded:?loaded?(/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service;?disabled;?vendor?preset:?disabled)
???Active:?failed?(Result:?exit-code)?since?Tue?2020-05-26?09:22:05?CST;?18min?ago
?????Docs:?man:httpd(8)
???????????man:apachectl(8)
?Main?PID:?2958?(code=exited,?status=1/FAILURE)
May?26?09:22:05?localhost?systemd[1]:?Starting?The?Apache?HTTP?Server...
May?26?09:22:05?localhost?httpd[2958]:?httpd:?Syntax?error?on?line?354?of?/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf:?/...osed.
May?26?09:22:05?localhost?systemd[1]:?httpd.service:?main?process?exited,?code=exited,?status=1/FAILURE
May?26?09:22:05?localhost?kill[2959]:?kill:?cannot?find?process?""
May?26?09:22:05?localhost?systemd[1]:?httpd.service:?control?process?exited,?code=exited?status=1
May?26?09:22:05?localhost?systemd[1]:?Failed?to?start?The?Apache?HTTP?Server.
May?26?09:22:05?localhost?systemd[1]:?Unit?httpd.service?entered?failed?state.
May?26?09:22:05?localhost?systemd[1]:?httpd.service?failed.
Hint:?Some?lines?were?ellipsized,?use?-l?to?show?in?full.
使用journalctl查看服務(wù)的啟動(dòng)日志
如果使用systemctl status [unit]沒有找到服務(wù)啟動(dòng)失敗的原因，可以使用journalctl查看更多的啟動(dòng)日志。
下面操作是過濾出所有帶有error的行，可以找到啟動(dòng)失敗的服務(wù)。
[root@localhost?~]#?journalctl?|grep?'error'
May?26?09:22:05?localhost?httpd[2958]:?httpd:?Syntax?error?on?line?354?of?/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf:?/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf:354:was?not?closed.
journalctl -u [unit]只查看某一個(gè)服務(wù)的啟動(dòng)日志：[root@localhost?~]#?journalctl?-u?httpd.service
--?Logs?begin?at?Sun?2020-05-24?06:52:52?CST,?end?at?Tue?2020-05-26?09:48:03?CST.?--
May?26?09:22:05?localhost?systemd[1]:?Starting?The?Apache?HTTP?Server...
May?26?09:22:05?localhost?httpd[2958]:?httpd:?Syntax?error?on?line?354?of?/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf:?/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf:354:was?not?closed.
May?26?09:22:05?localhost?systemd[1]:?httpd.service:?main?process?exited,?code=exited,?status=1/FAILURE
May?26?09:22:05?localhost?kill[2959]:?kill:?cannot?find?process?""
May?26?09:22:05?localhost?systemd[1]:?httpd.service:?control?process?exited,?code=exited?status=1
May?26?09:22:05?localhost?systemd[1]:?Failed?to?start?The?Apache?HTTP?Server.
May?26?09:22:05?localhost?systemd[1]:?Unit?httpd.service?entered?failed?state.
May?26?09:22:05?localhost?systemd[1]:?httpd.service?failed.
#過濾出有錯(cuò)誤的信息。
[root@localhost?~]#?journalctl?-u?httpd.service?|grep?'error'
May?26?09:22:05?localhost?httpd[2958]:?httpd:?Syntax?error?on?line?354?of?/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf:?/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf:354:was?not?closed.
發(fā)現(xiàn)?/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf配置文件的354行，Directory標(biāo)簽沒有關(guān)閉，返現(xiàn)原因了，就馬上修改吧。
總? ? 結(jié)
我們學(xué)習(xí)了如何使用systemctl命令顯示在Linux上運(yùn)行失敗的服務(wù)/單元。有關(guān)詳細(xì)信息，請(qǐng)查看systemctl手冊(cè)。
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