公司新來了一個同事，把權(quán)限系統(tǒng)設(shè)計的爐火純青！
共 32734字，需瀏覽 66分鐘
·
2024-06-20 15:31
作者：小小____
來源：segmentfault.com/a/1190000023052493
思維導(dǎo)圖如下
RBAC權(quán)限分析
RBAC 全稱為基于角色的權(quán)限控制，本段將會從什么是RBAC，模型分類，什么是權(quán)限，用戶組的使用，實例分析等幾個方面闡述RBAC
思維導(dǎo)圖
繪制思維導(dǎo)圖如下
什么是RBAC
RBAC 全稱為用戶角色權(quán)限控制，通過角色關(guān)聯(lián)用戶，角色關(guān)聯(lián)權(quán)限，這種方式，間階的賦予用戶的權(quán)限，如下圖所示
對于通常的系統(tǒng)而言，存在多個用戶具有相同的權(quán)限，在分配的時候，要為指定的用戶分配相關(guān)的權(quán)限，修改的時候也要依次的對這幾個用戶的權(quán)限進行修改，有了角色這個權(quán)限，在修改權(quán)限的時候，只需要對角色進行修改，就可以實現(xiàn)相關(guān)的權(quán)限的修改。這樣做增加了效率，減少了權(quán)限漏洞的發(fā)生。
模型分類
對于RBAC模型來說，分為以下幾個模型 分別是RBAC0，RBAC1，RBAC2，RBAC3，這四個模型，這段將會依次介紹這四個模型，其中最常用的模型有RBAC0.
RBAC0
RBAC0是最簡單的RBAC模型，這里面包含了兩種。
用戶和角色是多對一的關(guān)系，即一個用戶只充當(dāng)一種角色，一個角色可以有多個角色的擔(dān)當(dāng)。用戶和角色是多對多的關(guān)系，即，一個用戶可以同時充當(dāng)多個角色，一個角色可以有多個用戶。
此系統(tǒng)功能單一，人員較少，這里舉個栗子，張三既是行政，也負責(zé)財務(wù)，此時張三就有倆個權(quán)限，分別是行政權(quán)限，和財務(wù)權(quán)限兩個部分。
RBAC1
相對于RBAC0模型來說，增加了子角色，引入了繼承的概念。
RBAC2 模型
這里RBAC2模型，在RBAC0模型的基礎(chǔ)上，增加了一些功能，以及限制
角色互斥
即，同一個用戶不能擁有兩個互斥的角色，舉個例子，在財務(wù)系統(tǒng)中，一個用戶不能擁有會計員和審計這兩種角色。
基數(shù)約束
即，用一個角色，所擁有的成員是固定的，例如對于CEO這種角色，同一個角色，也只能有一個用戶。
先決條件
即，對于該角色來說，如果想要獲得更高的角色，需要先獲取低一級別的角色。舉個栗子，對于副總經(jīng)理和經(jīng)理這兩個權(quán)限來說，需要先有副總經(jīng)理權(quán)限，才能擁有經(jīng)理權(quán)限，其中副總經(jīng)理權(quán)限是經(jīng)理權(quán)限的先決條件。
運行時互斥
即，一個用戶可以擁有兩個角色，但是這倆個角色不能同時使用，需要切換角色才能進入另外一個角色。舉個栗子，對于總經(jīng)理和專員這兩個角色，系統(tǒng)只能在一段時間，擁有其一個角色，不能同時對這兩種角色進行操作。
RBAC3模型
即，RBAC1，RBAC2，兩者模型全部累計，稱為統(tǒng)一模型。
什么是權(quán)限
權(quán)限是資源的集合，這里的資源指的是軟件中的所有的內(nèi)容，即，對頁面的操作權(quán)限，對頁面的訪問權(quán)限，對數(shù)據(jù)的增刪查改的權(quán)限。舉個栗子。對于下圖中的系統(tǒng)而言，
擁有，計劃管理，客戶管理，合同管理，出入庫通知單管理，糧食安全追溯，糧食統(tǒng)計查詢，設(shè)備管理這幾個頁面，對這幾個頁面的訪問，以及是否能夠訪問到菜單，都屬于權(quán)限。
用戶組的使用
對于用戶組來說，是把眾多的用戶劃分為一組，進行批量授予角色，即，批量授予權(quán)限。舉個栗子，對于部門來說，一個部門擁有一萬多個員工，這些員工都擁有相同的角色，如果沒有用戶組，可能需要一個個的授予相關(guān)的角色，在擁有了用戶組以后，只需要，把這些用戶全部劃分為一組，然后對該組設(shè)置授予角色，就等同于對這些用戶授予角色。
優(yōu)點：減少工作量，便于理解，增加多級管理，等。最新面試題整理好了，點擊Java面試庫小程序在線刷題。
SpringSecurity 簡單使用
首先添加依賴
Spring Boot 基礎(chǔ)就不介紹了，推薦下這個實戰(zhàn)教程：https://github.com/javastacks/spring-boot-best-practice
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
然后添加相關(guān)的訪問接口
package com.example.demo.web;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class Test {
@RequestMapping("/test")
public String test(){
return "test";
}
}
最后啟動項目，在日志中查看相關(guān)的密碼
訪問接口，可以看到相關(guān)的登錄界面
輸入用戶名和相關(guān)的密碼
用戶名：user
密碼 984cccf2-ba82-468e-a404-7d32123d0f9c
登錄成功
增加用戶名和密碼
在配置文件中，書寫相關(guān)的登錄和密碼
spring:
security:
user:
name: ming
password: 123456
roles: admin
在登錄頁面，輸入用戶名和密碼，即可正常登錄。另外，Spring 系列面試題和答案全部整理好了，微信搜索Java技術(shù)棧，在后臺發(fā)送：面試，可以在線閱讀。
基于內(nèi)存的認證
需要自定義類繼承 WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter 代碼如下
package com.example.demo.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.NoOpPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
@Configuration
public class MyWebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
@Bean
PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder(){
return NoOpPasswordEncoder.getInstance();
}
@Override
protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
auth.inMemoryAuthentication()
.withUser("admin").password("123").roles("admin");
}
}
即，配置的用戶名為admin，密碼為123，角色為admin
HttpSecurity
package com.ming.demo.interceptor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.method.configuration.EnableGlobalMethodSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.rememberme.TokenBasedRememberMeServices;
@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
//基于內(nèi)存的用戶存儲
@Override
public void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
auth.inMemoryAuthentication()
.withUser("itguang").password("123456").roles("USER").and()
.withUser("admin").password("{noop}" + "123456").roles("ADMIN");
}
//請求攔截
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.authorizeRequests()
.anyRequest().permitAll()
.and()
.formLogin()
.permitAll()
.and()
.logout()
.permitAll();
}
}
SpringSecurity 集成JWT
這是一個小demo，目的，登錄以后返回jwt生成的token
推薦一個 Spring Boot 基礎(chǔ)教程及實戰(zhàn)示例：
https://github.com/javastacks/spring-boot-best-practice
導(dǎo)入依賴
添加web依賴
導(dǎo)入JWT和Security依賴
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/io.jsonwebtoken/jjwt -->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
<artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
<version>0.9.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-security -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
<version>2.3.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
創(chuàng)建一個JwtUser實現(xiàn)UserDetails
創(chuàng)建 一個相關(guān)的JavaBean
package com.example.demo;
import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import java.util.Collection;
public class JwtUser implements UserDetails {
private String username;
private String password;
private Integer state;
private Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> authorities;
public JwtUser(){
}
public JwtUser(String username, String password, Integer state, Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> authorities){
this.username = username;
this.password = password;
this.state = state;
this.authorities = authorities;
}
@Override
public Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities() {
return authorities;
}
@Override
public String getPassword() {
return this.password;
}
@Override
public String getUsername() {
return this.username;
}
@Override
public boolean isAccountNonExpired() {
return true;
}
@Override
public boolean isAccountNonLocked() {
return true;
}
@Override
public boolean isCredentialsNonExpired() {
return true;
}
@Override
public boolean isEnabled() {
return true;
}
}
編寫工具類生成令牌
編寫工具類，用來生成token，以及刷新token，以及驗證token
package com.example.demo;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;
import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
public class JwtTokenUtil implements Serializable {
private String secret;
private Long expiration;
private String header;
private String generateToken(Map<String, Object> claims) {
Date expirationDate = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + expiration);
return Jwts.builder().setClaims(claims).setExpiration(expirationDate).signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, secret).compact();
}
private Claims getClaimsFromToken(String token) {
Claims claims;
try {
claims = Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(secret).parseClaimsJws(token).getBody();
} catch (Exception e) {
claims = null;
}
return claims;
}
public String generateToken(UserDetails userDetails) {
Map<String, Object> claims = new HashMap<>(2);
claims.put("sub", userDetails.getUsername());
claims.put("created", new Date());
return generateToken(claims);
}
public String getUsernameFromToken(String token) {
String username;
try {
Claims claims = getClaimsFromToken(token);
username = claims.getSubject();
} catch (Exception e) {
username = null;
}
return username;
}
public Boolean isTokenExpired(String token) {
try {
Claims claims = getClaimsFromToken(token);
Date expiration = claims.getExpiration();
return expiration.before(new Date());
} catch (Exception e) {
return false;
}
}
public String refreshToken(String token) {
String refreshedToken;
try {
Claims claims = getClaimsFromToken(token);
claims.put("created", new Date());
refreshedToken = generateToken(claims);
} catch (Exception e) {
refreshedToken = null;
}
return refreshedToken;
}
public Boolean validateToken(String token, UserDetails userDetails) {
JwtUser user = (JwtUser) userDetails;
String username = getUsernameFromToken(token);
return (username.equals(user.getUsername()) && !isTokenExpired(token));
}
}
編寫攔截器
編寫Filter 用來檢測JWT
最新面試題整理好了，點擊Java面試庫小程序在線刷題。
package com.example.demo;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken;
import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.WebAuthenticationDetailsSource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@Component
public class JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
@Autowired
private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;
@Autowired
private JwtTokenUtil jwtTokenUtil;
@Override
protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException {
String authHeader = httpServletRequest.getHeader(jwtTokenUtil.getHeader());
if (authHeader != null && StringUtils.isNotEmpty(authHeader)) {
String username = jwtTokenUtil.getUsernameFromToken(authHeader);
if (username != null && SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication() == null) {
UserDetails userDetails = this.userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username);
if (jwtTokenUtil.validateToken(authHeader, userDetails)) {
UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authentication =
new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(userDetails,null,userDetails.getAuthorities());
authentication.setDetails(new WebAuthenticationDetailsSource().buildDetails(httpServletRequest));
SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
}
}
}
filterChain.doFilter(httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse);
}
}
編寫userDetailsService的實現(xiàn)類
在上方代碼中，編寫userDetailsService，類，實現(xiàn)其驗證過程
package com.example.demo;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.security.core.authority.SimpleGrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import javax.management.relation.Role;
import java.util.List;
@Service
public class JwtUserDetailsServiceImpl implements UserDetailsService {
@Autowired
private UserMapper userMapper;
@Override
public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String s) throws UsernameNotFoundException {
User user = userMapper.selectByUserName(s);
if (user == null) {
throw new UsernameNotFoundException(String.format("'%s'.這個用戶不存在", s));
}
List<SimpleGrantedAuthority> collect = user.getRoles().stream().map(Role::getRolename).map(SimpleGrantedAuthority::new).collect(Collectors.toList());
return new JwtUser(user.getUsername(), user.getPassword(), user.getState(), collect);
}
}
編寫登錄
編寫登錄業(yè)務(wù)的實現(xiàn)類 其login方法會返回一個JWTUtils 的token
Spring Boot 基礎(chǔ)就不介紹了，推薦下這個實戰(zhàn)教程：
https://github.com/javastacks/spring-boot-best-practice
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
@Autowired
private UserMapper userMapper;
@Autowired
private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;
@Autowired
private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;
@Autowired
private JwtTokenUtil jwtTokenUtil;
public User findByUsername(String username) {
User user = userMapper.selectByUserName(username);
return user;
}
public RetResult login(String username, String password) throws AuthenticationException {
UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken upToken = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(username, password);
final Authentication authentication = authenticationManager.authenticate(upToken);
SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
UserDetails userDetails = userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username);
return new RetResult(RetCode.SUCCESS.getCode(),jwtTokenUtil.generateToken(userDetails));
}
}
最后配置Config
@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true)
@EnableWebSecurity
public class WebSecurity extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
@Autowired
private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;
@Autowired
private JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter jwtAuthenticationTokenFilter;
@Autowired
public void configureAuthentication(AuthenticationManagerBuilder authenticationManagerBuilder) throws Exception {
authenticationManagerBuilder.userDetailsService(this.userDetailsService).passwordEncoder(passwordEncoder());
}
@Bean(name = BeanIds.AUTHENTICATION_MANAGER)
@Override
public AuthenticationManager authenticationManagerBean() throws Exception {
return super.authenticationManagerBean();
}
@Bean
public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
}
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.csrf().disable().sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS)
.and().authorizeRequests()
.antMatchers(HttpMethod.OPTIONS, "/**").permitAll()
.antMatchers("/auth/**").permitAll()
.anyRequest().authenticated()
.and().headers().cacheControl();
http.addFilterBefore(jwtAuthenticationTokenFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);
ExpressionUrlAuthorizationConfigurer<HttpSecurity>.ExpressionInterceptUrlRegistry registry = http.authorizeRequests();
registry.requestMatchers(CorsUtils::isPreFlightRequest).permitAll();
}
@Bean
public CorsFilter corsFilter() {
final UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource urlBasedCorsConfigurationSource = new UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource();
final CorsConfiguration cors = new CorsConfiguration();
cors.setAllowCredentials(true);
cors.addAllowedOrigin("*");
cors.addAllowedHeader("*");
cors.addAllowedMethod("*");
urlBasedCorsConfigurationSource.registerCorsConfiguration("/**", cors);
return new CorsFilter(urlBasedCorsConfigurationSource);
}
}
運行，返回token
運行，返回結(jié)果為token
SpringSecurity JSON登錄
這里配置SpringSecurity之JSON登錄
這里需要重寫UsernamePasswordAnthenticationFilter類，以及配置SpringSecurity
重寫UsernamePasswordAnthenticationFilter
public class CustomAuthenticationFilter extends UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter {
@Override
public Authentication attemptAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws AuthenticationException {
//attempt Authentication when Content-Type is json
if(request.getContentType().equals(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE)
||request.getContentType().equals(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)){
//use jackson to deserialize json
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authRequest = null;
try (InputStream is = request.getInputStream()){
AuthenticationBean authenticationBean = mapper.readValue(is,AuthenticationBean.class);
authRequest = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
authenticationBean.getUsername(), authenticationBean.getPassword());
}catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
authRequest = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
"", "");
}finally {
setDetails(request, authRequest);
return this.getAuthenticationManager().authenticate(authRequest);
}
}
//transmit it to UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter
else {
return super.attemptAuthentication(request, response);
}
}
}
配置SecurityConfig
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http
.cors().and()
.antMatcher("/**").authorizeRequests()
.antMatchers("/", "/login**").permitAll()
.anyRequest().authenticated()
//這里必須要寫formLogin()，不然原有的UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter不會出現(xiàn)，也就無法配置我們重新的UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter
.and().formLogin().loginPage("/")
.and().csrf().disable();
//用重寫的Filter替換掉原有的UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter
http.addFilterAt(customAuthenticationFilter(),
UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);
}
//注冊自定義的UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter
@Bean
CustomAuthenticationFilter customAuthenticationFilter() throws Exception {
CustomAuthenticationFilter filter = new CustomAuthenticationFilter();
filter.setAuthenticationSuccessHandler(new SuccessHandler());
filter.setAuthenticationFailureHandler(new FailureHandler());
filter.setFilterProcessesUrl("/login/self");
//這句很關(guān)鍵，重用WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter配置的AuthenticationManager，不然要自己組裝AuthenticationManager
filter.setAuthenticationManager(authenticationManagerBean());
return filter;
}
這樣就完成使用json登錄SpringSecurity。
最新面試題整理好了，點擊Java面試庫小程序在線刷題。
Spring Security 密碼加密方式
需要在Config 類中配置如下內(nèi)容
/**
* 密碼加密
*/
@Bean
public BCryptPasswordEncoder passwordEncoder(){
return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
}
即，使用此方法，對密碼進行加密， 在業(yè)務(wù)層的時候，使用此加密的方法
@Service
@Transactional
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
@Resource
private UserRepository userRepository;
@Resource
private BCryptPasswordEncoder bCryptPasswordEncoder; //注入bcryct加密
@Override
public User add(User user) {
user.setPassword(bCryptPasswordEncoder.encode(user.getPassword())); //對密碼進行加密
User user2 = userRepository.save(user);
return user2;
}
@Override
public ResultInfo login(User user) {
ResultInfo resultInfo=new ResultInfo();
User user2 = userRepository.findByName(user.getName());
if (user2==null) {
resultInfo.setCode("-1");
resultInfo.setMessage("用戶名不存在");
return resultInfo;
}
//判斷密碼是否正確
if (!bCryptPasswordEncoder.matches(user.getPassword(),user2.getPassword())) {
resultInfo.setCode("-1");
resultInfo.setMessage("密碼不正確");
return resultInfo;
}
resultInfo.setMessage("登錄成功");
return resultInfo;
}
}
即，使用BCryptPasswordEncoder 對密碼進行加密，保存數(shù)據(jù)庫
使用數(shù)據(jù)庫認證
這里使用數(shù)據(jù)庫認證SpringSecurity
設(shè)計數(shù)據(jù)表
這里設(shè)計數(shù)據(jù)表
著重配置SpringConfig
@Configurable
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
@Autowired
private UserService userService; // service 層注入
@Bean
PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder(){
return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
}
@Override
protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
// 參數(shù)傳入Service，進行驗證
auth.userDetailsService(userService);
}
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.authorizeRequests()
.antMatchers("/admin/**").hasRole("admin")
.anyRequest().authenticated()
.and()
.formLogin()
.loginProcessingUrl("/login").permitAll()
.and()
.csrf().disable();
}
}
這里著重配置SpringConfig
小結(jié)
著重講解了RBAC的權(quán)限配置，以及簡單的使用SpringSecurity，以及使用SpringSecurity + JWT 完成前后端的分離，以及配置json登錄，和密碼加密方式。
評論
圖片
表情