設(shè)計(jì)模式系列| 外觀(門面)模式
大家好,我是狼王,一個(gè)愛打球的程序員
這是設(shè)計(jì)模式的第九篇,這篇讓我們來認(rèn)識一下外觀(門面)模式
1、概述
外觀模式是一種結(jié)構(gòu)型設(shè)計(jì)模式, 能為程序庫、 框架或其他復(fù)雜類提供一個(gè)簡單的接口。
避免多種不相關(guān)的功能污染單一外觀, 使其變成又一個(gè)復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)??蛻舳撕推渌庥^都可使用附加外觀。
2、適用場景1)如果你需要一個(gè)指向復(fù)雜子系統(tǒng)的直接接口, 且該接口的功能有限, 則可以使用外觀模式。外觀將會提供指向子系統(tǒng)中最常用功能的快捷方式, 能夠滿足客戶端的大部分需求。
2)如果需要將子系統(tǒng)組織為多層結(jié)構(gòu), 可以使用外觀。你可以為每個(gè)層次創(chuàng)建一個(gè)外觀, 然后要求各層的類必須通過這些外觀進(jìn)行交互。
3、實(shí)例有以下場景:
當(dāng)前有學(xué)生子系統(tǒng),該系統(tǒng)有三個(gè)接口,查詢學(xué)生姓名,查詢學(xué)生年齡,查詢學(xué)生家庭地址。
有一個(gè)教學(xué)系統(tǒng),要分別去調(diào)用這三個(gè)接口。
有一個(gè)成績系統(tǒng),要分別調(diào)用者三個(gè)接口。
有一個(gè)考試系統(tǒng),也要分別調(diào)用這三個(gè)系統(tǒng)。
3.1 不使用外觀模式時(shí)候
/**
?*?學(xué)生
?*/
public?class?Student?{
????private?String?name?=?"狼王";
????private?int?age?=?25;
????private?String?address?=?"上海";
????public?Student(String?name,?int?age,?String?address)?{
????????this.name?=?name;
????????this.age?=?age;
????????this.address?=?address;
????}
????public?Student(){
????}
????public?String?getName()?{
????????return?name;
????}
????public?void?setName(String?name)?{
????????this.name?=?name;
????}
????public?int?getAge()?{
????????return?age;
????}
????public?void?setAge(int?age)?{
????????this.age?=?age;
????}
????public?String?getAddress()?{
????????return?address;
????}
????public?void?setAddress(String?address)?{
????????this.address?=?address;
????}
}
/**
?*?學(xué)生地址
?*/
@Service
public?class?StudentAddressService?implements?IStudentAddress{
????@Override
????public?String?getAddress()?{
????????Student?student?=?new?Student();
????????return?student.getAddress();
????}
}
/**
?*?年齡接口
?*/
@Service
public?class?StudentAgeService?implements?IStudentAge{
????@Override
????public?int?getAge()?{
????????Student?student?=?new?Student();
????????return?student.getAge();
????}
}
@Service
public?class?StudentNameService?implements?IStudentName{
????@Override
????public?String?getName()?{
????????Student?student?=?new?Student();
????????return?student.getName();
????}
}
三個(gè)外部服務(wù)
/**
?*?教育服務(wù)
?*/
@Service
public?class?EduService?{
????@Autowired
????private?StudentNameService?studentNameService;
????@Autowired
????private?StudentAgeService?studentAgeService;
????@Autowired
????private?StudentAddressService?studentAddressService;
????public?void?getStudentName(){
????????System.out.println("學(xué)生姓名是:"?+?studentNameService.getName());
????}
????public?void?getStudentAge(){
????????System.out.println("學(xué)生年齡是:"?+?studentAgeService.getAge());
????}
????public?void?getStudentAddress(){
????????System.out.println("學(xué)生地址是:"?+?studentAddressService.getAddress());
????}
}
/**
?*?考試服務(wù)
?*/
@Service
public?class?ExamService?{
????@Autowired
????private?StudentNameService?studentNameService;
????@Autowired
????private?StudentAgeService?studentAgeService;
????@Autowired
????private?StudentAddressService?studentAddressService;
????public?void?getStudentName(){
????????System.out.println("學(xué)生姓名是:"?+?studentNameService.getName());
????}
????public?void?getStudentAge(){
????????System.out.println("學(xué)生年齡是:"?+?studentAgeService.getAge());
????}
????public?void?getStudentAddress(){
????????System.out.println("學(xué)生地址是:"?+?studentAddressService.getAddress());
????}
}
/**
?*?成績服務(wù)
?*/
@Service
public?class?ScoreService?{
????@Autowired
????private?StudentNameService?studentNameService;
????@Autowired
????private?StudentAgeService?studentAgeService;
????@Autowired
????private?StudentAddressService?studentAddressService;
????public?void?getStudentName(){
????????System.out.println("學(xué)生姓名是:"?+?studentNameService.getName());
????}
????public?void?getStudentAge(){
????????System.out.println("學(xué)生年齡是:"?+?studentAgeService.getAge());
????}
????public?void?getStudentAddress(){
????????System.out.println("學(xué)生地址是:"?+?studentAddressService.getAddress());
????}
}
3.2 使用外觀模式
在學(xué)生服務(wù)這里增加一個(gè)外觀service
/**
?*?外觀模式服務(wù)
?*/
@Service
public?class?StudentFacedService?{
????@Autowired
????private?StudentNameService?studentNameService;
????@Autowired
????private?StudentAgeService?studentAgeService;
????@Autowired
????private?StudentAddressService?studentAddressService;
????public?String?getStudentName(){
????????return?studentNameService.getName();
????}
????public?int?getStudentAge(){
????????return?studentAgeService.getAge();
????}
????public?String?getStudentAddress(){
????????return?studentAddressService.getAddress();
????}
}
三個(gè)調(diào)用服務(wù)只需要引入外觀服務(wù)
/**
?*?教育服務(wù)
?*/
@Service
public?class?EduService?{
????@Autowired
????private?StudentFacedService?studentFacedService;
????public?void?getStudentName()?{
????????System.out.println("學(xué)生姓名是:"?+?studentFacedService.getStudentName());
????}
????public?void?getStudentAge()?{
????????System.out.println("學(xué)生年齡是:"?+?studentFacedService.getStudentAge());
????}
????public?void?getStudentAddress()?{
????????System.out.println("學(xué)生地址是:"?+?studentFacedService.getStudentAddress());
????}
}
/**
?*?考試服務(wù)
?*/
@Service
public?class?ExamService?{
????@Autowired
????private?StudentFacedService?studentFacedService;
????public?void?getStudentName()?{
????????System.out.println("學(xué)生姓名是:"?+?studentFacedService.getStudentName());
????}
????public?void?getStudentAge()?{
????????System.out.println("學(xué)生年齡是:"?+?studentFacedService.getStudentAge());
????}
????public?void?getStudentAddress()?{
????????System.out.println("學(xué)生地址是:"?+?studentFacedService.getStudentAddress());
????}
}
/**
?*?成績服務(wù)
?*/
@Service
public?class?ScoreService?{
????@Autowired
????private?StudentFacedService?studentFacedService;
????public?void?getStudentName()?{
????????System.out.println("學(xué)生姓名是:"?+?studentFacedService.getStudentName());
????}
????public?void?getStudentAge()?{
????????System.out.println("學(xué)生年齡是:"?+?studentFacedService.getStudentAge());
????}
????public?void?getStudentAddress()?{
????????System.out.println("學(xué)生地址是:"?+?studentFacedService.getStudentAddress());
????}
}
4、分析以上兩種方式代碼結(jié)構(gòu)如下所示:


從上面兩張圖可以看到,對于外部服務(wù)來說,極大的縮減了代碼復(fù)雜度,只需要調(diào)用學(xué)生服務(wù)的一個(gè)接口。
優(yōu)點(diǎn):
讓客戶端代碼獨(dú)立獨(dú)立于復(fù)雜的子系統(tǒng),且減少對于子系統(tǒng)的依賴。
缺點(diǎn):
過于龐大的外觀,會使得該外觀稱成為上帝對象,造成所有類的耦合,可通過它操作所有的類功能。
好了。今天就說到這了,我還會不斷分享自己的所學(xué)所想,希望我們一起走在成功的道路上!
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