• 查看 rpm 包

rpm-qa | grep mysql

如果存在，使用如下命令卸載

rpm -e

• 查找是否存在mysql 相關(guān)目錄

find / -name mysql

• 卸載系統(tǒng)自帶 mariadb

[root@localhost ~]#  rpm -qa|grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64
mariadb-libs-5.5.64-1.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64 mariadb-libs-5.5.64-1.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /etc/my.cnf

• 檢查有無創(chuàng)建過 mysql 用戶組，如果沒有創(chuàng)建

# 檢查mysql 用戶組是否存在
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/group | grep mysql
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/passwd | grep mysql
# 創(chuàng)建mysql 用戶組和用戶
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd mysql
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql

• 下載

從官網(wǎng)下載 MySQL

https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

使用如下命令下載 MySQL

wget https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-5.7.36-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

• 安裝

下載下來是一個gz的壓縮包，使用如下命令解壓

tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.36-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

將解壓的文件重命名，并移動到/usr/local目錄

mv mysql-5.7.36-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql5.7

更改 mysql5.7 目錄下所有文件夾所屬的用戶、用戶組、以及權(quán)限

chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql5.7
chmod -R 755 /usr/local/mysql5.7

• 創(chuàng)建 MySQL 相關(guān)目錄

mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql5.7/{data,logs,tmp}
# 更改文件夾所屬
chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql5.7/data
chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql5.7/logs
chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql5.7/tmp

• 創(chuàng)建 MySQL 配置文件 my.cnf

簡單模板如下

[client]
port = 3306
socket = /usr/local/mysql5.7/tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql5.7
datadir = /usr/local/mysql5.7/data
port = 3306 
socket = /usr/local/mysql5.7/tmp/mysql.sock
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql5.7/tmp/mysqld.pid
tmpdir = /usr/local/mysql5.7/tmp 
skip_name_resolve = 1
symbolic-links=0
max_connections = 2000
group_concat_max_len = 1024000
sql_mode = NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
lower_case_table_names = 1
log_timestamps=SYSTEM
character-set-server = utf8
interactive_timeout = 1800 
wait_timeout = 1800
max_allowed_packet = 32M
binlog_cache_size = 4M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
read_buffer_size = 4M
join_buffer_size = 4M
tmp_table_size = 96M
max_heap_table_size = 96M
max_length_for_sort_data = 8096
#logs
server-id = 1003306
log-error = /usr/local/mysql5.7/logs/error.log
slow_query_log = 1
slow_query_log_file = /usr/local/mysql5.7/logs/slow.log
long_query_time = 3
log-bin = /usr/local/mysql5.7/logs/binlog
binlog_format = row
expire_logs_days = 15
log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1
relay-log = /usr/local/mysql5.7/logs/relay-bin
relay-log-recovery = 1 
relay_log_purge = 1 
#innodb 
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_log_file_size = 256M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
innodb_io_capacity = 2000
innodb_io_capacity_max = 4000
innodb_flush_neighbors = 0
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode = 2
innodb_read_io_threads = 8
innodb_write_io_threads = 8
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2G

• 配置 mysql.server

cd /usr/local/mysql5.7/support-files
cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
vi /etc/init.d/mysql
# 修改目錄位置
basedir=/usr/local/mysql5.7
datadir=/usr/local/mysql5.7/data
# 注冊開機啟動服務
chkconfig --add mysql
chkconfig --list

• 添加 mysql 到環(huán)境變量

把/usr/local/mysql5.7/bin添加到PATH環(huán)境變量中

添加的內(nèi)容export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql5.7/bin

vi /etc/profile
source /etc/profile

• 初始化 mysql

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/mysql5.7/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql5.7 --datadir=/usr/local/mysql5.7/data
# 臨時密碼保存在 errlog 中；獲取臨時密碼
[root@localhost ~]# more /usr/local/mysql5.7/logs/error.log | grep password
2022-04-07T23:28:28.894994+08:00 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: w(fYri(tk8Dj

• 啟動 mysql 服務，并修改root用戶密碼

# 啟動mysql服務
[root@localhost ~]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL... SUCCESS! 
# 使用初始密碼登錄mysql服務 并修改密碼
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'root';
flush privileges;

為了方便使用，可以創(chuàng)建軟鏈接

ln -s /usr/local/mysql5.7/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql

• 啟動

service mysql start

• 關(guān)閉

service mysql stop

• 重啟

service mysql restart

• 開啟遠程連接

進入 MySQL 服務

mysql -u root -proot

操作 mysql 庫

mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> select user, host from user;
+---------------+-----------+
| user ? ? ? ?  | host ? ?  |
+---------------+-----------+
| mysql.session | localhost |
| mysql.sys ? ? | localhost |
| root ? ? ? ?  | localhost |
+---------------+-----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

host 字段中，localhost 表示只允許本機訪問；要實現(xiàn)遠程連接，可以將 root 用戶的 hos t改為 %，% 表示允許任意 host 訪問；如果需要設置只允許特定 ip 訪問，則應改為對應的 ip。

修改 root 用戶的 host 字段

update user set host='%' where user='root';
flush privileges;

讓 root 用戶可以遠程連接，存在安全風險；可以采用如下方案：創(chuàng)建獨立的用戶。

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'deployop'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'deployop' WITH GRANT OPTION;

第一個 deployop 表示用戶名，% 表示所有的電腦都可以連接；也可以設置某個 ip 地址運行連接。第二個 deployop 表示密碼。

再次select user, host from user;可查看到 deployop 用戶的 host 是 % ；代表任何 ip 都可以連接。然后使用flush privileges;語句立即生效。

如果還是連接不上，就有可能是防火墻的問題。添加 3306 端口防火墻策略，重啟防火墻。

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