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來(lái)源：https://blog.csdn.net/Macky_He/article/details/95754402 作者:Macky_He

一、 Sharding-jdbc簡(jiǎn)介

Sharding-jdbc是開(kāi)源的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)操作中間件；定位為輕量級(jí)Java框架，在Java的JDBC層提供的額外服務(wù)。它使用客戶端直連數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，以jar包形式提供服務(wù)，無(wú)需額外部署和依賴，可理解為增強(qiáng)版的JDBC驅(qū)動(dòng)，完全兼容JDBC和各種ORM框架。

官方文檔地址：https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/overview/

本文demo實(shí)現(xiàn)了分庫(kù)分表功能。如有錯(cuò)誤，歡迎各位在評(píng)論中指出。不勝感激！

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二、項(xiàng)目結(jié)構(gòu)

首先創(chuàng)建一個(gè)一般的Spring boot項(xiàng)目，項(xiàng)目采用三層架構(gòu)，結(jié)構(gòu)圖如下：

POM.xml文件如下：

         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">    4.0.0            org.springframework.boot        spring-boot-starter-parent        2.1.6.RELEASE                 com.macky    spring-boot-shardingjdbc    0.0.1-SNAPSHOT    spring-boot-shardingjdbc    Demo project for spring-boot-shardingjdbc
            1.8    
                        org.springframework.boot            spring-boot-starter-web        
                    org.springframework.boot            spring-boot-starter-test            test                                    mysql            mysql-connector-java            runtime                                    com.baomidou            mybatis-plus-boot-starter            3.1.1                                            io.shardingsphere            sharding-jdbc-spring-boot-starter            3.1.0                                    io.shardingsphere            sharding-jdbc-spring-namespace            3.1.0                                            org.projectlombok            lombok            
                                        org.springframework.boot                spring-boot-maven-plugin

實(shí)體類以書(shū)本為例

package com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.entity;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableName;import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.activerecord.Model;import groovy.transform.EqualsAndHashCode;import lombok.Data;import lombok.experimental.Accessors;
/** * @author Macky * @Title class Book * @Description: 書(shū)籍是實(shí)體類 * @date 2019/7/13 15:23 */@Data@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = true)@Accessors(chain = true)@TableName("book")public class Book extends Model {    private int id;    private String name;    private int count;}

開(kāi)放保存和查詢兩個(gè)接口，代碼如下：

package com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.controller;
import com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.entity.Book;import com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.service.BookService;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import java.util.List;
/** * @author Macky * @Title class BookController * @Description: TODO * @date 2019/7/12 20:53 */@RestControllerpublic class BookController {
    @Autowired    BookService bookService;
    @RequestMapping(value = "/book", method = RequestMethod.GET)    public List getItems(){        return bookService.getBookList();    }
    @RequestMapping(value = "/book",method = RequestMethod.POST)    public Boolean saveItem(Book book){        return bookService.save(book);    }}

BookServiceImpl.java

package com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.service.impl;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.toolkit.Wrappers;import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.impl.ServiceImpl;import com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.entity.Book;import com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.mapper.BookMapper;import com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.service.BookService;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.List;
/** * @author Macky * @Title class BookServiceImpl * @Description: TODO * @date 2019/7/12 20:47 */@Servicepublic class BookServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl implements BookService {
    @Override    public List getBookList() {        return baseMapper.selectList(Wrappers.lambdaQuery());    }
    @Override    public boolean save(Book book) {        return super.save(book);    }}

BookMapper.java

package com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.mapper;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.mapper.BaseMapper;import com.macky.springbootshardingjdbc.entity.Book;
/** * @author Macky * @Title class BookMapper * @Description: TODO * @date 2019/7/12 20:46 */public interface BookMapper extends BaseMapper {}

創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表，DDL語(yǔ)句如下

創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表數(shù)據(jù)CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS `db0`;USE `db0`;DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `book_0`;CREATE TABLE `book_0` (   `id` INT ( 11 ) NOT NULL,    `name` VARCHAR ( 255 ) DEFAULT NULL, `count` INT ( 11 ) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY ( `id` ) ) ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `book_1`;CREATE TABLE `book_1` (  `id` INT ( 11 ) NOT NULL,    `name` VARCHAR ( 255 ) DEFAULT NULL, `count` INT ( 11 ) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY ( `id` ) ) ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS `db1`;USE `db1`;DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `book_0`;CREATE TABLE `book_0` ( `id` INT ( 11 ) NOT NULL,    `name` VARCHAR ( 255 ) DEFAULT NULL, `count` INT ( 11 ) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY ( `id` ) ) ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `book_1`;CREATE TABLE `book_1` (  `id` INT ( 11 ) NOT NULL,    `name` VARCHAR ( 255 ) DEFAULT NULL, `count` INT ( 11 ) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY ( `id` ) ) ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS `db2`;USE `db2`;DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `book_0`;CREATE TABLE `book_0` ( `id` INT ( 11 ) NOT NULL,    `name` VARCHAR ( 255 ) DEFAULT NULL, `count` INT ( 11 ) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY ( `id` ) ) ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `book_1`;CREATE TABLE `book_1` (  `id` INT ( 11 ) NOT NULL,    `name` VARCHAR ( 255 ) DEFAULT NULL, `count` INT ( 11 ) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY ( `id` ) ) ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;

配置分庫(kù)分表策略application.properties：

# 數(shù)據(jù)源 db0,db1,db2sharding.jdbc.datasource.names=db0,db1,db2# 第一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)sharding.jdbc.datasource.db0.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSourcesharding.jdbc.datasource.db0.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driversharding.jdbc.datasource.db0.jdbc-url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db0?useUnicode=true&useJDBCCompliantTimezoneShift=true&useLegacyDatetimeCode=false&serverTimezone=UTCsharding.jdbc.datasource.db0.username=rootsharding.jdbc.datasource.db0.password=Aa123456
# 第二個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)sharding.jdbc.datasource.db1.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSourcesharding.jdbc.datasource.db1.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driversharding.jdbc.datasource.db1.jdbc-url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db1?useUnicode=true&useJDBCCompliantTimezoneShift=true&useLegacyDatetimeCode=false&serverTimezone=UTCsharding.jdbc.datasource.db1.username=rootsharding.jdbc.datasource.db1.password=Aa123456
# 第三個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)sharding.jdbc.datasource.db2.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSourcesharding.jdbc.datasource.db2.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driversharding.jdbc.datasource.db2.jdbc-url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db2?useUnicode=true&useJDBCCompliantTimezoneShift=true&useLegacyDatetimeCode=false&serverTimezone=UTCsharding.jdbc.datasource.db2.username=rootsharding.jdbc.datasource.db2.password=Aa123456
# 水平拆分的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)（表） 配置分庫(kù) + 分表策略 行表達(dá)式分片策略# 分庫(kù)策略sharding.jdbc.config.sharding.default-database-strategy.inline.sharding-column=idsharding.jdbc.config.sharding.default-database-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression=db$->{id % 3}
# 分表策略 其中book為邏輯表 分表主要取決于id行sharding.jdbc.config.sharding.tables.book.actual-data-nodes=db$->{0..2}.book_$->{0..2}sharding.jdbc.config.sharding.tables.book.table-strategy.inline.sharding-column=count# 分片算法表達(dá)式sharding.jdbc.config.sharding.tables.book.table-strategy.inline.algorithm-expression=book_$->{count % 3}
# 主鍵 UUID 18位數(shù) 如果是分布式還要進(jìn)行一個(gè)設(shè)置 防止主鍵重復(fù)#sharding.jdbc.config.sharding.tables.user.key-generator-column-name=id
# 打印執(zhí)行的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)以及語(yǔ)句sharding.jdbc.config.props..sql.show=truespring.main.allow-bean-definition-overriding=true
#讀寫(xiě)分離sharding.jdbc.datasource.dsmaster =

接口測(cè)試使用postman

示例：GET請(qǐng)求------>http://localhost:8080/book POST請(qǐng)求：------->http://localhost:8080/book?id=1&name=java編程思想&count=8

demo的github地址：

https://github.com/Macky-He/spring-boot--shardingsphere-examples 如各位覺(jué)得有幫助的話，還請(qǐng)給個(gè)star鼓勵(lì)鼓勵(lì)博主，謝謝！

三、總結(jié)

分庫(kù)分表實(shí)現(xiàn)按照官方文檔做一個(gè)demo是第一步，如需深入還需要研究源碼，研究架構(gòu)，研究思想；此文僅作為入門demo搭建指南，如需深入理解，還請(qǐng)移步至官方文檔。

參考資料

官方文檔：https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/manual/sharding-jdbc/usage/sharding/

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Spring Boot集成Sharding-jdbc + Mybatis-Plus實(shí)現(xiàn)分庫(kù)分表